đđđ¤ On Sat, 13 Jul 2024 at 00:25, 'gopala krishnan' via KeralaIyers < [email protected]> wrote:
> Respected sir, > > Mr Markandeyalu *reads my posts*, not his reactions of dumping of trash > materials. *He reads only the responses to his postings. * > > I have never seen Mr Markandeyalu praising Mr Rajaram for Rajaram's posts, > reactions, but only responses to his postings. > > *Except you no body in practice reads his trash*, which is copy paste. He > will either not answer any query or admits it is a FORWARD by copy paste. > > I do not read his trash not related to subject. There is no wonder he > lost all interviews for U P S C selection except the last chance. His > answer either might have been *correcting the interviewer's knowledge* > or for dumping unrelated information making i > *nterviewers yawn. * > > > *Gopalakrishan* > > On Saturday, 13 July, 2024 at 10:32:48 am IST, Narayanaswamy Iyer < > [email protected]> wrote: > > > > Dear folks > > "Zip your lip, and be thought a fool; open them and prove that you are a > fool" accurately describes voluble pseudo-pandit, grand pretender and > super-clown > unemployed ex-tax-collector and current garbage-collector K Rajaram IRS > 12724. > > Nothing to say, but he takes forever to say it. In drain-gutter-sewer > ungrammatical broken English. > > (1) "*Every time I respond only after the foxes jump to grapes and say > chee chee this is sour phrases; so also, now; one who writes shall not > define whether what he writes is enough or not and define knowledge etc as > he measures-as all the judgements are erroneous."* > > My comments:- > > Perfectly applies to the super-clown who does not realise that all > recipients other than his one or two adherents such as his lap-puppy > Markandeyulu Yeddanapudi merely glance at his latest stupidities before > consuming them to the waste-basket. > > (2) "*I**n our education periods, as well as of earlier and later, we > pick out the best teacher and the worst teacher. Have we mot? All are > qualified if so in the standards of Gopalakrishna brains, all are pundits; > but he himself would not have said it.*" > > My comments:- > > The previously concealed acute acrimony against his chosen victim, Sri > Gopalakrishna, reveals itself publicly as an incurable cancer gnawing at > his > belly and his brain. > > (3) "*I am running a Sravana Bhavan; and present a dosa for $12; so huge > piece; some consume all; some consume and leave out something; and some > consume and ask for a TOGO; some dislikes it and pass to another.*" > > My comments:- > > "TOGO", i.e. to go, is a unique New England colony expression, meaning > asking for a "doggy bag" to take home the unconsumed remnants of a meal. > > In Thamizh, we say, "Parcel pannungo, or pottalam pannungo." > > By the way, a $12 dosa (maavu or ravaa thosai) is nothing rare. In > Singapore vegetarian restaurants it can cost even more, even if self-served. > > (4) "*I just do my duty without errors; I try my best; I exert to > present better.*" > > My comments:- > > The fine delusion of a self-centred egotist who cannot see his true self > in the mirror -- which will reveal a vindictive persecutor with snarling > jaws and outstretched claws ready to tear to pieces any innocent > unoffending victim which crosses its path. > > (5) "*This emerging field involves designing and constructing new > biological parts, devices, and systems, which could impact evolutionary > biology by creating novel forms of life.*" > > My comments:- > > A blind shot in the dark at a target which is not there. > > How many "novel forms of life" have all these highly-praised "evolutionary > biologists" created by "designing and constructing new biological parts"? > > (6) "*Is a hippopotamus more dangerous to a human than an elephant?*" > > My comments:- > > The super-clown does not know. > > So he rambles on stumbles and mumbles about bears, mosquitoes, crocodiles, > sharks, and humans "due to violence and accidents. These include > homicide, war, traffic accidents, and other causes." > > The stupid fool omits disease, fatal accidents at home, old age, natural > disasters, mercy killing, execution of criminals, starvation, dehydration, > overexposure to Sun, martial arts, dangerous sports. > > S Narayanaswamy Iyer > > On Sat, Jul 13, 2024 at 4:24âŻAM Rajaram Krishnamurthy < > [email protected]> wrote: > > CULTURAL QA 07202412 > > Topic âHumans. Base Quora QA. Compiled > > Dear friends, > > These QA are selected and posted for a generally educated member to > understand in a very brief and simple manner. I find member Mr Rajaram copy > paste materials as dumping for these type of simple QA as response. > > Read the QA with the intention I have posted. > > Gopalakrishnan 12-07-2024 > > ------------------------------------------------------------ > > KR Every time I respond only after the foxes jump to grapes and say > chee chee this is sour phrases; so also, now; one who writes shall not > define whether what he writes is enough or not and define knowledge etc as > he measures-as all the judgements are erroneous. The readers will take, > read, go through, turn the pages, yawn, throw it off, as they need. Simple > answers are not enough if thinking is bad; because the title has a doctor > or PhD, the materials should be perfect as only 20% of the learned can > reproduce to teach; 80% can make out only error prone superficial > materials. > > That is why in our education periods, as well as of earlier and > later, we pick out the best teacher and the worst teacher. Have we mot? All > are qualified if so in the standards of Gopalakrishna brains, all are > pundits; but he himself would not have said it as he wrote the best teacher > and the worst guru by himself. Yesterday one of my seniors wrote it was > very good except it is a long as he took time to read. I replied after > thanking him, that I am running a Sravana Bhavan; and present a dosa for > $12; so huge piece; some consume all; some consume and leave out something; > and some consume and ask for a TOGO; some dislikes it and pass to another. > (And he wrote back âI am a TOGO customerâ) > > So I am not a judge to measure the intelligence or knowledge or > how much ration for them today; that is avivekis do; and I feel when I > present, I render in all spectrums, sides, divisions, prospectively, so it > runs a long; but who know who will read when? I just do my duty without > errors; I try my best; I exert to present better; what is the use of kidney > explanation simply which may not answer my question? Donât they know to > read from somewhere all? NO; each present their compartments in a wholesome > groove (may be sometimes mislead also that is not at all a problem all > other make it exemplary by additions; so, all have learnt in one day 10 > contents very well. If you talk about a ocean do it perfect and what is the > use of telling 6 miles depth as if no one knows, and calling the wholesome > as irrelevant by ignorance? K Rajaram IRS 12724 > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Q1 In what ways has the human species evolved biologically > over the last 1,000 years? > > KR I wouldnât call the observations as bad; but t is not a biological > evolution at all. It is too much o dupe the readers. Japanese and Chinese > women, made their feet bent and small by certain feet treatment; is that > evolution development? There is a character: DANTA-VAKRAN; TEETH IN AN > INODRDER; THEN EVOLUTION CHANGE OCCURRED 6000 YEARS BACK? By using bamboo > -jumbo words, no one will think any one of you as a professor sir. And if > you are posted in Winterplace, there will be some changes; and coming back > is possible later also. Evolution needs million of years sir not in your > life time. > > Over the past 1000 years, biological evolution has been > influenced by a range of factors, including advances in scientific > understanding, technological progress, and environmental changes. (NOT > LIKE DENTAL COLOR ETC AS DESCRIBED) While the principles of evolution have > remained constant, our comprehension and the methods to study it have > evolved significantly. Before Charles Darwin, most societies had > creationist views based on religious or philosophical beliefs. The idea > that species could change over time was not widely accepted. During this > period, naturalists like Carl Linnaeus began classifying organisms, > laying the groundwork for the modern understanding of biodiversity and > taxonomy. In 1859, Darwin published On the Origin of Species, proposing > the theory of natural selection. This revolutionary idea suggested that > species evolve *over time* through a process of variation, inheritance, > and competition for resources. Independently, Wallace developed a similar > theory of natural selection and contributed to its validation and > dissemination. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884): Mendel's work on inheritance > patterns (published in 1866) was rediscovered in the early 20th century, > providing a genetic basis for Darwinian evolution. In the 1930s and 1940s, > scientists like Ronald A. Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane, and Sewall Wright integrated > Mendelian genetics with Darwinian natural selection, forming a unified > theory of evolution. James Watson and Francis Crick's discovery of the > DNA double helix structure provided a molecular basis for genetic > inheritance. The field expanded to include the study of molecular changes > in DNA and proteins, revealing how genetic variations contribute to > evolution. Theories changed wrt the he study of genetic variations within > populations and their role in evolution concepts such as genetic drift and > gene flow becoming prominent. NOTHING LIKE AS YOU WROTE ARE GENETIC > EVOUTIONS. > > This emerging field involves designing and constructing new > biological parts, devices, and systems, which could impact evolutionary > biology by creating novel forms of life. Technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 > allow for precise genetic modifications, potentially accelerating > evolutionary research and applications. understanding how climate change > affects evolutionary processes and species adaptation is increasingly > important. Applying evolutionary principles to conservation efforts helps > in understanding species' genetic diversity and adaptation strategies. > Studying how artificial environments and selection pressures influence > evolution *in controlled settings* provides new insights into > evolutionary mechanisms. So, nothing big events happened in the western > science. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Q2 Why can't humans drink from lakes like animals? > > KR Giardia infection is an intestinal infection marked by stomach > cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of watery diarrhoea. Giardia infection > is caused by a microscopic parasite that is found worldwide, especially in > areas with poor sanitation and unsafe water. Giardia can be in water or > food, or on hands, surfaces, or objects. You can get sick when you swallow > Giardia germs. Once the Giardia germs are in your small intestine (part of > your gut), they shed their shell and split in two. These Giardia germs > start absorbing nutrients from you. Giardia germs can continue to multiply > in your small intestine. The germs then move to your colon (lower gut) and > regain their shell. Giardia leaves your body through poop. The Giardia in > your poop can spread to other people and make them sick. > > The wide occurrence of cysts in humans and animals suggests > that soil can be contaminated with Giardia through faecal deposition and > sewage disposal practices. Municipal waste waters likely always contain > Giardia cysts. Giardia is distributed worldwide in lakes, ponds, rivers, > and streams. It is even found in high quality water sources with no > municipal wastewater discharges. All surface waters probably contain > Giardia, and whether cysts are detected depends largely on the methods used > to collect and analyze water samples. > > In North America, higher levels in water are often reported in > the late summer, fall and early winter. Generally, there is no correlation > of cyst levels in water with coliform bacteria. When Giardia cysts are > detected in environmental samples, information about viability, > infectivity, or species is not usually available. Reported Giardia levels > have ranged from 10,000 to 100,000 cysts/L in untreated sewage, 10 to 100 > cysts/L in treated sewage, and 10 or few cysts/L in surface water sources > and tap water. Cysts have also been detected in cisterns and in wells > contaminated by surface water or sewage. > > Levels are generally higher in water sources influenced by > agriculture (e.g., cattle or dairy farming) or municipal and residential > wastewater discharges. Contamination levels may-1fluctuate due to > storms, agricultural practices, and the operation of wastewater facilities. > Giardia has been detected on stainless steel and FormicaÂŽ surfaces in day > care centers. Limited information is available on the levels of cysts in > foods; improvements are needed in both sampling and analytical methods. > There are no published reports on the occurrence of Giardia in air. How > long can Giardia cysts survive in the environment? > > The survival of Giardia cysts in the environment is significantly > affected by temperature; survivability decreases as the temperature > increases. A small fraction of cysts can withstand a single freeze-thaw > cycle. Cysts can survive for 2 to 3 months in water temperatures of less > than 10/ C, and at 21/ C, cysts have remained viable for almost one month. > Cysts are killed in 10 minutes at a water temperature of 54/ C. Raising > the water temperature to boiling immediately kills cysts. > > So directly drinking water alone is not a cause; many schools in > USA, where drinking through general pipes through hands, well protected > water supply, had caused that. People who were drinking direct from > Veeranam lake did not catch. So, it is better to check water contamination; > but that does not mean all will die; because, SUN plays a very important > role in giving us a protected water supply. > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Q3 How important is education? > > KR Define education sir; going to school is not; learning from > life is the best education. So, knowledge is needed. One who knows he knows > not can be trained; but one who knows not, that he knows not, HAS TO BE > SHUNNED. In the case of family head, he is well educated so, he attempts > his children to surpass him. Many parents do it. Only Villainy will refuse > to learn. Education is important in the sense, mot degrees, but knowledge. > Ramakrishna Paramahamsa story of a Pundithaas and the boatman, may be > remembered. Learned respects the learned. Out of 64 arts, one may know > anything; so, you become a learned; a dancer is as good as a software Eng. > The lack of education can be seen from the Tamil VerseâŚMANNAAVANUM Neeyo, > Valanadum unatho? did I educate myself, depending on you? that kind of > confidence education gives. > > ------------------------------------------------ > > Q3 Is a hippopotamus more dangerous to a human than an > elephant? > > KR It was dangerous only in Africa. The wild west had given facts > and figures where a general observation is as under: > > Bear Species and Danger to Humans Grizzly Bears (Ursus arctos > horribilis): Grizzly bears are among the most dangerous to humans due > to their size, strength, and territorial nature. They are known to be > aggressive, especially if surprised or if they feel their young are > threatened. Attacks on humans are relatively rare but can be severe. They > may occur when bears are surprised, or if humans enter their territory, > particularly in areas where food is scarce or where the bear is protecting > a kill or cubs. > > Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus): Polar bears are the largest bear species > and are known to be particularly dangerous because they are apex predators > with no natural enemies in their Arctic environment. They are more likely > to see humans as potential prey.Polar bear attacks are rare but can be > fatal. They are more likely to attack humans if they are hungry or if they > perceive humans as a food source. > > Black Bears (Ursus americanus): Black bears are generally less aggressive > than grizzlies and polar bears. They tend to avoid humans and are less > likely to attack unless they feel threatened or are habituated to human > food. > > Asiatic Black Bears (Ursus thibetanus): can be aggressive, but encounters > with humans are less common than with North American bear species. They > are more likely to attack if they feel threatened or are surprised. > > Mosquitoes: Mosquitoes are the deadliest animals globally due to their > role in transmitting diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus. > They cause hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, far exceeding the > fatalities caused by bears. RANK 1 > > Hippopotamuses: Hippos are extremely dangerous and cause a significant > number of human fatalities annually, with their aggressive behaviour in > water making them particularly hazardous. About 500 deaths reported in > Africa and nowhere else. > > Crocodiles: Nile crocodiles, like hippos, are highly dangerous and > responsible for hundreds of human fatalities each year. They are known for > their powerful jaws and ambush tactics. > > Sharks: Shark attacks, while widely publicized, are relatively rare > compared to other causes of human fatalities. Sharks are responsible for > fewer deaths than mosquitoes, crocodiles, and in some regions, even bears. > > Human Violence and Accidents: Humans are responsible for a vast number of > deaths due to violence and accidents. These include homicide, war, traffic > accidents, and other causes. The number of fatalities from human activities > far exceeds those caused by bears or other wildlife. RANK 2 > > Q5 Why can a human survive with only one kidney? How? > > KR 1. Essential Organs for Survival > > Heart: The heart is crucial for pumping blood throughout the body, > supplying oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. Without a > functioning heart, survival is impossible. > > Brain: The brain controls all bodily functions, including breathing, > heartbeat, and cognitive functions. Damage to the brain can be > life-threatening, and complete loss of brain function means death. > > Lungs: Lungs are essential for oxygenating blood and removing carbon > dioxide. You cannot survive without them, though there are cases of people > living with only one lung. > > Liver: The liver is vital for metabolizing substances, detoxifying the > blood, and producing essential proteins. While the liver can regenerate and > function with partial damage, it is essential for survival. > > Kidneys: Kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and regulate > electrolytes. You can live with just one healthy kidney, but without > kidneys, survival requires dialysis or a transplant. > > Without one becoming non-functional, life is ended. > > 2. Body Parts You Can Live Without > > Appendix: The appendix is a small, tube-like organ attached to the large > intestine. It does not have a critical function, and people can live > without it. Removal of the appendix (appendectomy) is a common procedure. > > Gallbladder: The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and helps > digest fats. People can live without it; bile flows directly from the liver > to the intestines after its removal. > > Spleen: The spleen helps filter blood and supports immune functions. > People can live without it, but they may be more susceptible to infections. > The spleenâs functions are partially taken over by other organs, including > the liver and lymph nodes. > > One Kidney: As mentioned, people can live with only one kidney, as long as > it is healthy. The remaining kidney takes over the filtering functions of > the lost one. > > One Lung: It is possible to live with one lung, although respiratory > capacity and overall health might be somewhat reduced. The remaining lung > adapts to take on the functions of both. > > st with mobility and daily functions. > > 3. Functions and Adaptations > > Body Adaptation: The human body has a remarkable ability to adapt to the > loss or dysfunction of certain organs or limbs. For example, people who > have lost limbs can adapt to new ways of performing daily tasks with the > help of prosthetics. > > Medical Interventions: Modern medicine and surgical techniques allow > people to live healthy lives even after the loss of critical body parts. > Dialysis for kidney failure, organ transplants, and prosthetics for lost > limbs are examples of how medical technology supports those who have > experienced significant loss. > > 4 Living with one kidney or one lung is possible due to the remarkable > adaptability and compensatory mechanisms of the human body. Hereâs how each > organ can function adequately with just one: > > One Kidney: When one kidney is removed or non-functional, the remaining > kidney undergoes hypertrophy (enlargement) and increases its filtering > capacity. This adaptation allows it to handle the workload of both kidneys. > The remaining kidney takes over the entire burden of filtering blood and > managing waste products. People with one kidney generally need to maintain > good hydration, avoid excessive use of medications that can harm kidney > function, and manage underlying health conditions such as diabetes and > hypertension to protect kidney health. > > Clinical Evidence: Many people live normal, healthy lives with one kidney. > Studies have shown that long-term health outcomes for individuals with a > single kidney are comparable to those with two kidneys, provided the > remaining kidney is healthy. > > One Lung: The remaining lung can expand to fill the space of the > missing lung, allowing for more efficient gas exchange. It compensates by > increasing its functional capacity. The single lung often becomes more > efficient in oxygen exchange and carbon dioxide removal due to an increase > in the number of functional alveoli (air sacs). Individuals with one lung > may have reduced exercise tolerance, but most can adapt to normal daily > activities with proper management and rehabilitation. > > Clinical Evidence: Many people live healthy lives with one lung, though > they may have some limitations in physical activity and may need to be more > cautious about respiratory infections. Regular medical follow-ups ensure > that the remaining lung remains healthy and functions well.( health line) > > K Rajaram IRS 12724 > > On Fri, 12 Jul 2024 at 09:34, Gopala Krishnan <[email protected]> wrote: > > CULTURAL QA 07-2024-12 > > Topic âHumans. Base Quora QA. Compiled > > Dear friends, > > These QA are selected and posted for a generally educated member to > understand in a very brief and simple manner. I find member Mr Rajaram > copy paste materials as dumping for these type of simple QA as response. > > Read the QA with the intention I have posted. > > Gopalakrishnan 12-07-2024 > > Q1 In what ways has the human species evolved biologically > over the last 1,000 years? > > A1 C.S. Friedman, Novelist for 35 Years6y > > Overbite.Our teeth used to meet, top and bottom. Now a large proportion > of people have the top teeth extending out over the bottom teeth. > > I read somewhere the wisdom tooth situation has gotten worse, that is, > fewer people have the jaw structure for them to come in. Perhaps for that > reason, evolution is now getting rid of wisdom teeth altogether, and people > are now born who either never develop them, or develop them only as small > buds that don't threaten neighboring teeth.Increase of many medical > conditions that used to make one unlikely to reproduce, because > science/medicine can now compensate for them, such as diabetes. > > Isolated populations that move to high altitude environments quickly > develop changes in their blood that enable it to carry more oxygen. > > Resistance to countless diseases that appeared on the scene in that time > frame, so that we are not as susceptible to them as we were when they first > appeared. Often there is a co-evolution with the disease, with viruses and > bacteria mutating to be less fatal, so their hosts will survive longer to > spread them. > > Red-heads: Defect in the MC1R gene causes red hair, freckling and an > increased incidence of melanoma (1000 years give or take a few centuries) > > New mutations appearing recently, not yet widely spread: > > Apolipoprotein AI-Milano Improves processing of cholesterol and lowers > odds of heart disease and arterial blockage > > Bone Density > > One of the genes that governs bone density in human beings is called > low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5, or LRP5 for short. > Mutations which impair the function of LRP5 are known to cause > osteoporosis. But a different kind of mutation can amplify its function, > causing one of the most unusual human mutations known. > > This mutation was first discovered fortuitously, when a young person from > a Midwest family was in a serious car crash from which they walked away > with no broken bones. X-rays found that they, as well as other members of > the same family, had bones significantly stronger and denser than average. > (One doctor who's studied the condition said, "None of those people, > ranging in age from 3 to 93, had ever had a broken bone.") In fact, they > seem resistant not just to injury, but to normal age-related skeletal > degeneration. Some of them have benign bony growths on the roof of their > mouths, but other than that, the condition has no side effects - although, > as the article notes dryly, it does make it more difficult to float. As > with Apo-AIM, some drug companies are researching how to use this as the > basis for a therapy that could help people with osteoporosis and other > skeletal diseases. > > Malaria resistance-As reported in 2001 (see also), Italian researchers > studying the population of the African country of Burkina Faso found a > protective effect associated with a different variant of hemoglobin, named > HbC. People with just one copy of this gene are 29% less likely to get > malaria, while people with two copies enjoy a 93% reduction in risk. And > this gene variant causes, at worst, a mild anemia, nowhere near as > debilitating as sickle-cell disease. > > Tetrachromatic vision > > Massive genetic study shows how humans are evolving > > Q2 Why can't humans drink from lakes like animals? > > A2 Rebecca T., Lived in Oregon (1985â2016)Jun 2 > > Humans can drink lake water, but as a rule they shouldnât. > > Water, within any appreciable distance of human settlement and human > activity, is going to be polluted. Polluted by the very activities allowing > those settlements to exist. Pollution is the rule, not the exception. > > Prior to mass pollution, humans avoided drinking directly from most bodies > of water unless they knew it to be safe. And even then, those safe water > spots could easily become contaminated for reasons humans didnât understand > until the advent of germ theory. Humans typically treat their water at a > minimum by boiling it. Water being the drink of choice is a modern thing. > > Humans are not used to drinking water or eating food with high levels of > pollutants or contaminants. We would easily become sick and damage our > health. Our young would die at high rates, and the life expectancy of those > who made it through childhood would drastically decrease. One of the > reasons humans live as long as we do in modern times is hygiene. > > Animals in nature are not as healthy as they appear. Many, perhaps most, > suffer from chronic illnesses and parasites. It is only in modern times > that chronic illness and parasites are abnormal for humans. > > Still, there are rare instances where a human can drink directly from a > natural water source. If you want to take the risk, that water source > should be: > > Far away from human settlement and activity, including farm/domesticated > animals. > > Looks clear and clean and smells clean. > > Higher up in the mountains close to its source. > > Flowing rather than sitting still. > > Flowing through volcanic rock and soil. > > Known to be a relatively safe place to drink water from. > > Iâve taken the risk and drank directly from a small creek high up in the > Cascade mountains. The water was cold, delicious, and fortunately it ended > up being safe to drink. I only had a handful to taste it. I didnât fill a > water bottle. > > A friend of mine did the same, in much the same area, and ended up with > giardia. > > If you choose to drink directly from a natural water source, you are > taking a risk. Donât do it if you have any existing health issues, and > monitor yourself for a few weeks afterward. > > Q3 How important is education? > > A3 Ajay Reddy ,Software Engineer and Fitness freak Updated 2y > > You see this person, who never gone to school, but a hard-working person > and mostly he works 12â14 hours a day to get some extra money. He is my > brother-in-law (My sisterâs husband), and he has been working as a daily > labourer since he was 15 years of age and now he is around 60 years. He had > never seen a restaurant or rode a bike forget about movies. During Covid > times, he walked and cycled around 300 KMs and luckily got a truck that > gave a lift. > > He never enjoyed his life, just worked like an animal I can say, even he > didnât attend his daughter's marriage to save money as he was working in > other states. I wonder, is he born just to work. > > However, he understood the importance of education so he educated his > daughter (my niece) and now she is working in the govt. the sector only > the girl from the village to do so. > > I feel bad for him, but he is happy as his children donât suffer the way > he is. > > Education is definitely important, and an uneducated can understand better > than others. > > Edit-I put his picture because I feel proud of him, he has not committed > any crime or harm anyone, he is a hero for his family, the whole post was, if > he has bit education he could lead a better life thatâs all. > > Q3 Is a hippopotamus more dangerous to a human than an > elephant? > > A3 Brad Esam, Lives in New Zealand (1989âpresent)May 5 > > Absolutely. The easiest way to quantify the outcome of these two > engagements is by looking at the weight of the combatants. An adult male > African elephant can weigh over 6,000 kilograms. Up against an adult male > hippopotamus who tops out at about 1,800 kilograms, the smart money is > firmly on the elephant. > > Looking at the other potential combatant, the pathetic human, these things > don't stand a chance. The perfect human in terms of combat ability is > widely acknowledged to be Dwyane âThe Rock' Johnson. This warrior weighs in > at an impressive 118 kilograms. Unfortunately, this is nothing compared to > the mighty who is 15.25 times heavier than the people's champ. > > If we take it a step further and compare all of the involved parties, we > find that the African Elephant is on average 3.33 times heavier than the > hippo and 50.84 times heavier than The Rock. Good luck with that, measly > human. Unless Dwayne has access to firearms, in which case the elephant and > the hippo are probably both are equally dangerous to humans. > > Q4 What are some of the best examples of humanity? > > A4 Adnan Ghous, Civil Engineer, Freelancer, Book Reader, > Amateur Photographer6y > > A boat kissed the shore of Karachi (a city in Pakistan) in 1947, after the > partition of India, carrying a twenty years old boy among other migrants. > To support himself in this newly created state, the young boy started > working as a street peddler selling pencils, towels, and matches, which he > held on a tray. Later he started working in a market at a whole sale shop. > > But the boy was not satisfied with himself. He said, âAfter observing the > environment I was living in, where injustice, bribery and robbery were > commonâ he felt an urge to do the welfare work. He started a pharmacy which > offered free medicine to all needy irrespective of their color, cast, and > religion. > > In 1957, the Asian flu epidemic swept through Karachi. It was a test of > resolve for this penniless man. He said in an interview, âI saw people > lying on the pavement ... The flu had spread in Karachi, and there was no > one to treat them. So I set up benches and got medical students to > volunteer. I was penniless and begged for donations on the street. And > people gave. I bought this 8-by-8 room to start my work.â > > During this Asian flu epidemic, a generous man donated him money which he > used to buy an ambulance. He drove the ambulance by himself and help people > irrespective of their religious affiliations. When he was asked why he is > willing to help Christians and Hindus, he replied âbecause my ambulance is > more Muslim than you!â > > In 1965, the war between India and Pakistan broke out in which Karachi > was bombed. The penniless cared for the civilian victims and organized 45 > funerals, with his wife cleaning the bodies of women and he himself > preparing the men for burial. It was said he washed thousands of dead > bodies during his life, with his foundation finding space in its graveyards > for anyone who needed it. In his memoir, A Mirror to the Blind, he made > clear his distaste for anyone who thought themselves too grand to touch the > dead. > > The name of this penniless man was Abdul Sattar Edhi. > > He died in 2016 aged 88. His charity empire includes > > Pakistan's largest volunteer ambulance network (1,500 minivan ambulances) > > Homeless shelters,Animal shelters,Rehab centers and orphanages > > FEW FACTS ABOUT EDHI FOUNDATION > > Edhi foundation have placed cradles outside their offices, where people > place their unwanted children. Edhi took this decision because most people > killed their infants children to avoid the social humiliation. > > Edhi is registered as parent or guardian of nearly 20,000 children. Edhi > received a honorary doctorate degree.This world would be much better > place if we had few more Edhis. > > Q5 Why can a human survive with only one kidney? How? > > A5 Ken Saladin, Former professor of histology (microscopic > anatomy)5y > > Thereâs a lot of âredundancyâ and excess reserve built into the human > body, including renal anatomy. Humans can live with as little as > one-third of one kidney. The trouble is, however, that when renal > function is so marginal, all it takes is a little added stress on the > body to push one into renal insufficiency. > > Short of hemodialysis or kidney transplant, renal insufficiency will push > one into azotemia, the accumulation of toxic nitrogenous wastes in the > blood, leading to the functional decline of other organs (especially the > brain) and potentially, death from multiorgan failure. > > A healthy adult has about 1.0 to 1.2 million microscopic functional units > called nephrons in each kidney. They do all the work of filtering the blood > and transforming the filtrate to urine. > > Renal nephronsâa vascular âcorrosion castâ viewed by scanning electron > microscopy. > > Normally, the two kidneys produce about 1 to 1.5 liters of urine per day, > or 50 to 60 mL/hour. > > If output falls below 400 mL/d for very long, the body canât rid itself of > wastes as fast as theyâre produced, and azotemia sets in. > > If 75% or more of the nephrons are lost or nonfunctional (damaged by > chronic hypertension or renal atherosclerosis, for example), urine output > can be as low as 30 mL/h, and then one canât maintain the bodyâs internal > stability (homeostasis). At 90% loss of functional nephrons, azotemia > develops and can progress to a neurotoxic and potentially fatal level > called uremia. Such a degree of renal insufficiency will also cause > hypertension (from fluid accumulation) and anemia (from loss of the > kidneysâ synthesis of the blood-stimulating hormone EPO, erythropooetin). > > We lose a lot of renal function just in the normal course of aging. > > From age 25 to 85, we lose 60% to 70% of our nephrons and up to one-third > of those that remain are bloodless and non-functional. The kidneys of a > 90-year-old are 20% to 40% smaller than those of a 30-year-old and receive > only half as much blood. > > This is one reason that overmedication of the elderly is commonâtheir > kidneys cannot remove drugs and their metabolites from the body as > efficiently as when they were younger. > > Itâs also one reason why excessive alcohol consumption is a bigger problem > for older people. > > My note- I hope this answer by a professor of Histology in most simple > manner, about Kidney. As we age kidney becomes less efficient even for a > healthy person. Then consider the case of a diabetic. 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