We may be born to the same parents, but our parents have not given birth to
identical children. Just like us every organism has discrete features. Shri
YM ji
KR Even twins are not. Identity iof were to be identical in all in and
out features of a parent child is THE SAME; then even twins though
partially appear to be outwardly identical, may not have the same
characters. This is due to the gene set inherited from the parents. Each
zygote receives half of the gene set of each parent while the gene set
received varies among them. Meiosis is the cell division process that
produces sex gametes that participate in forming offspring. Our features or
appearance are determined by our genes. In sexual reproduction half of the
genes come from each parent, and that's why offspring resemble their
parents but are not identical to them. As well as not being identical to
their parents, offspring are not usually identical to each other. Every
living thing has a genome which is the complete set of genetic instructions
to enable it to grow and develop. Each instruction, or gene, is represented
by a specific piece of a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Think
of DNA like a long piece of continuous code; sections of code represent a
gene. Genes determine the development and structure of organisms. Identical
twins – siblings with the same genetic information – are an exception. They
result from the fertilization of a single egg that splits in two. Identical
twins have exactly the same copies of their genes so they are always of the
same sex too because they have exactly the same information from each
parent. Non-identical twins result from the fertilization of two separate
eggs during the same pregnancy.
Reproduction of living organisms can be sexual (offspring created
from the fusion of male and female reproductive cells – sperm and eggs) or
asexual (offspring created from a single parent). Asexual reproduction
creates an exact copy of a living thing. When we take a cutting of a plant,
for example, we’re making a clone of the plant. The cutting will have the
exact same genetic material as the plant it came from, so it will be
genetically identical. If you grow a plant from a leaf, a root cutting
(such as a carrot top) or a stem cutting, the plant that grows will be
genetically exactly like its parent. A plant grown from a bulb is also
genetically identical to the parent plant because it is the result of
asexual reproduction. Some plants (such as algae, mosses and ferns) also
reproduce asexually by releasing spore cells (carried by wind or rain) that
contain everything needed to grow a new plant without fusing to another
cell. Seeds, however, are produced from sexual reproduction so contain the
genes from two ‘parent’ plants. Skills, talents and behaviours are referred
to as acquired or non-inherited characteristics. In humans, examples
include things you learn or develop as you grow (e.g. riding a bike,
reading, playing an instrument) and through your experiences (e.g. an
injury at work that damages your hearing). Inherited traits in humans
include eye colour, hair colour and blood type, which are passed from your
parents. Variations or differences in characterstics of offsprings when
compared to their parents is due to different combinations of genes. The
genes of the parents may mix or combine differently producing different and
new characterstics. This is why we do not completely resemble either of our
parent.
THEORY BIOLOGY: Two alleles for a given gene in a diploid
organism are expressed and interact to produce physical characteristics.
The observable traits expressed by an organism are referred to as its
phenotype. An organism’s underlying genetic makeup, consisting of both the
physically visible and the non-expressed alleles, is called its genotype.
Mendel’s hybridization experiments demonstrate the difference between
phenotype and genotype. For example, the phenotypes that Mendel observed in
his crosses between pea plants with differing traits are connected to the
diploid genotypes of the plants in the P, F1, and F2 generations. We will
use a second trait that Mendel investigated, seed color, as an example.
Seed color is governed by a single gene with two alleles. The yellow-seed
allele is dominant and the green-seed allele is recessive. When
true-breeding plants were cross-fertilized, in which one parent had yellow
seeds and one had green seeds, all of the F1 hybrid offspring had yellow
seeds. That is, the hybrid offspring were phenotypically identical to the
true-breeding parent with yellow seeds. However, we know that the allele
donated by the parent with green seeds was not simply lost because it
reappeared in some of the F2 offspring (Figure 8.5). Therefore, the F1
plants must have been genotypically different from the parent with yellow
seeds.
The P plants that Mendel used in his experiments were each homozygous
for the trait he was studying. Diploid organisms that are homozygous for a
gene have two identical alleles, one on each of their homologous
chromosomes. The genotype is often written as YY or yy, for which each
letter represents one of the two alleles in the genotype. The dominant
allele is capitalized and the recessive allele is lower case. The letter
used for the gene (seed color in this case) is usually related to the
dominant trait (yellow allele, in this case, or “Y”). Mendel’s parental pea
plants always bred true because both produced gametes carried the same
allele. When P plants with contrasting traits were cross-fertilized, all of
the offspring were heterozygous for the contrasting trait, meaning their
genotype had different alleles for the gene being examined. For example,
the F1 yellow plants that received a Y allele from their yellow parent and
a y allele from their green parent had the genotype Yy.
So the amount of DNA in the world is estimated to be 50 trillion trillion
base pairs. This is equivalent to 5 followed by 37 zeros. {5^37} If all the
DNA on Earth were laid end to end, it would *stretch 30 million times
across the Milky Way.* DNA is found in the cells of plants, animals,
prokaryotes, and viruses. The amount of DNA in a given organism is
calculated by multiplying the number of cells in the organism by the amount
of DNA in each cell. DNA is made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A),
guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). The order of these bases
determines the information used to build and maintain an organism. DNA is
packed into a smaller structure called a nucleosome, which is created by
winding DNA around histone proteins. DNA accessibility is important for
normal cellular function, and disruption of this can contribute to diseases
like cancer. The human genome is thus said to contain 3 billion nucleotide
pairs, even though most human cells contain 6 billion nucleotide pairs. DNA
is a double helix: Each nucleotide on a strand of DNA has a complementary
nucleotide on the other strand. Humans typically have 23 pairs of
chromosomes, or 46 chromosomes in total. Chromosomes are made up of long
strands of DNA, which contain all the body's genes. In 2023, a draft human
pangenome reference was published. It is based on 47 genomes from persons
of varied ethnicity. Plans are underway for an improved reference capturing
still more biodiversity from a still wider sample.While there are
significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the
order of 0.1% due to single-nucleotide variants and 0.6% when considering
indels), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans
and their closest living relatives, the bonobos and chimpanzees (~1.1%
fixed single-nucleotide variant and 4% when including indels) Hence, it is
said we are all from monkeys; but is that enough? ; DNA structure is common
in all subject to cchacters may be a right conclusion but not Darwin
ytheory ,one from another. The total length of the human reference genome
does not represent the sequence of any specific individual, nor does it
represent the sequence of all of the DNA found within a cell. The human
reference genome only includes one copy of each of the paired, homologous
autosomes plus one copy of each of the two sex chromosomes (X and Y). The
total amount of DNA in this reference genome is 3.1 billion base pair.
Now we havce a connection to the astronomy (MACRO), ASTROLOGY, AND
AND VEDIC CONCEPT IN EXPLANATIONS OF UPANISHADS INCLUDING THE b g GUNA
KARMA VIBAGHA:
Astronomers estimate that there are approximately 200 billion
trillion stars in the observable universe. This estimate is based on the
number of stars in the Milky Way and the number of galaxies in the
universe. DNA is more than the stars. AND ONLY A FEW DNAs ACTIVATE THE
FUNCTIONS IN YOUR LIFE AND SO MANY GO DORMANBT BUT READY TO BECOME ACTIVE.
In spite of so many in Micro, only a few is active and so many are dormants
which means only wrt the individual. That means in another, some other
combinations are active. So out of rillions of trillions, only a few
hundreds are active; so too among the billions of trillions a 7 seven alone
are active; even today, science could not decode or trigger the DNA pair or
otherwise; so how could they jibe at the sky where their knowledge is not
even the tip of the ice-berg? So Tirumular words as elicited from the Vedas
that hat is in Macro is also in the Micro-is correct. Your ancestors’ DNAs
are still available live. DNAs and the Atoms do not die. Hence only B G
speaks:
Bg. 4.13
चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः ।
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥ १३ ॥
cātur-varṇyaṁ mayā sṛṣṭaṁ
guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ
tasya kartāram api māṁ
viddhy akartāram avyayam
cātuḥ-varṇyam — the four divisions of human society; mayā — by Me; sṛṣṭam —
created; guṇa — of quality; karma — and work; vibhāgaśaḥ — in terms of
division; tasya — of that; kartāram — the father; api — although; mām — Me;
viddhi — you may know; akartāram — as the nondoer; avyayam — unchangeable.
According to the three modes of material nature and the work associated
with them, the four divisions of human society are created by Me. And
although I am the creator of this system, you should know that I am yet the
nondoer, being unchangeable.
The Lord is the creator of everything. Everything is born of Him,
everything is sustained by Him, and everything, after annihilation, rests
in Him. He is therefore the creator of the four divisions of the social
order, beginning with the intelligent class of men, technically called
brāhmaṇas due to their being situated in the mode of goodness. Next is the
administrative class, technically called the kṣatriyas due to their being
situated in the mode of passion. The mercantile men, called the vaiśyas,
are situated in the mixed modes of passion and ignorance, and the śūdras,
or laborer class, are situated in the ignorant mode of material nature. In
spite of His creating the four divisions of human society, Lord does not
belong to any of these divisions, because He is not one of the conditioned
souls, a section of whom form human society. Human society is similar to
any other animal society, but to elevate men from the animal status, the
above-mentioned divisions are created by the Lord for the systematic
development of consciousness. The tendency of a particular man toward work
is determined by the modes of material nature which he has acquired. Such
symptoms of life, according to the different modes of material nature, are
described in the Eighteenth Chapter of this book. A person in
consciousness, however, is above even the brāhmaṇas. Although brāhmaṇas by
quality are supposed to know about Brahman, the Supreme Absolute Truth,
most of them approach only the impersonal Brahman manifestation of GODs on
millions. But a man who transcends the limited knowledge of a brāhmaṇa and
reaches the knowledge of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, becomes a
person in consciousness – or, in other words, a Viṣva. consciousness
includes knowledge of all different plenary expansions and is
transcendental to this system of the four divisions of human society, a
person in consciousness is also transcendental to all divisions of human
society, whether we consider the divisions of community, nation or
species. कर्मण्यकर्म य: पश्येदकर्मणि च कर्म य: |
स बुद्धिमान्मनुष्येषु स युक्त: कृत्स्नकर्मकृत् || 18||4
karmaṇyakarma yaḥ paśhyed akarmaṇi cha karma yaḥ
sa buddhimān manuṣhyeṣhu sa yuktaḥ kṛitsna-karma-kṛit
BG 4.18: Those who see action in inaction and inaction in action are truly
wise amongst humans. Although performing all kinds of actions, they are
yogis and masters of all their actions.
B G 4 13 and 18 seals all science facts of today and that may arise
in future.
K RAJARAM IRS 91124
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Markendeya Yeddanapudi <[email protected]>
Date: Sat, 9 Nov 2024 at 06:40
Subject: Truth-Multiplication
To: ggroup <[email protected]>, thatha patty <
[email protected]>, <[email protected]>,
Satyanarayana Kunamneni <[email protected]>, viswanatham vangapally <
[email protected]>, kantamaneni baburajendra prasad <
[email protected]>, <[email protected]>, Ramanathan
Manavasi <[email protected]>, Nehru Prasad <[email protected]>, Rajaram
Krishnamurthy <[email protected]>, <[email protected]>, Kunamneni
Satyanarayana <[email protected]>, Jayathi Murthy <[email protected]>, A.
Akkineni <[email protected]>, Anisha Yeddanapudi <[email protected]>,
Aparna Attili <[email protected]>, dr anandam <[email protected]>,
Krishna Yeddanapudi <[email protected]>, Padma Priya <
[email protected]>, Usha <[email protected]>, Krishnamacharyulu
Nanduri <[email protected]>, Ravindra Kumar Bhuwalka <
[email protected]>, Ramu S <[email protected]>, tnc rangarajan <
[email protected]>, Ramamurti PV <[email protected]>
I am facing problems with Chat GPT.I am now posting my write up without
commentary from Chat GPT.
--
*Mar*Truth-Mathematical Reductionism-Multiplication
Mathematics is identified as the method for accuracy and precision, where
there is no contamination of bias. Now let us deal with one of the
foundational pillars of Mathematics-Multiplication. Multiplication means
increase in number by multiplying with a factor. It means increasing the
same phenomenon, into phenomena, where every phenomenon is exactly the same
and identical. It means that the Universe continuously repeats, with no
change.
All Mathematics is based on the visible 3D spectrum which is just 00.0037%
of the totality, while the remaining 99.9963% is put under the ‘Time’
dimension, where accurate Languaging and quantification is impossible. We
may to some extent word our feelings, but we cannot quantify them. Our
feelings and emotions actually synchronize with changing nature, and they
continuously change as part of the universe. They do not repeat, unless one
is struck up in some mental ailment.
Actually no two organisms are identical; they are discrete with subtle
differences. Nature continuously uses discretion to create discrete life
forms. Multiplication actually repudiates this basic feature of
nature-nature’s discretion in creation. Discretion and identical uniformity
in creation do not go together. It is like Raphael’s tapestry, which is
based on continuous change where the designs do not repeat. Every bit is
different from every other bit. Raphael repeats nature’s discretion.
We may be born to the same parents, but our parents have not given birth to
identical children. Just like us every organism has discrete features.
Only the manufacturing factories produce identical products, but nature
does not. No factory can produce emotions and feelings.
Nature does not define and scope. It creates discrete discretions, each
discretion different from other discretions. With our sciences of
definitions and scopes and mechanization we are killing nature’s discretion
which we call evolution, mutation etc.Evolution evolves differences not
identities. Our factories actually arrest nature’s freedom for evolution.
Only life forms participate in nature’s evolution, not Robots.
Today we have cyborged our lives, cyborging nature and rapidly moving
towards the total takeover by Robots, where only Mathematics is
accepted.Emotions,Feelings and Mathematics do not go together. We cannot
have Emotion and Feeling Factories.
Our Universities having abjectly surrendered to mechanization,
industrialization and commercialization lost their basic capacity to
interact directly with nature. They need free nature without human
tampering from the techno lunacy afflicting them.
YM Sarma
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