Over the years, better and better long-term accuracy has been
achieved with various "atomic" references, but if I understand
correctly, the actual oscillating element is still a quartz crystal,
albeit in a tightly controlled loop. None-the-less, from discussions
in this group I believe that the short-term noise and stability is
still mainly that of the quartz crystal, and its associated
electronics. Is there anything better than quartz? Did I hear
something about sapphire?
Regards,
Peter Vince (London, England)
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