And sorry about the typos!  Still getting used to this touch screen!

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 14, 2011, at 19:47, Shawn Tayler <[email protected]> wrote:

> Very interesting Bob Thanks.
> 
> It brings to mind an annoying issue I run into from time to time.
> 
> VCXO 12.8 Mhz used as a reference in communications gear.  Most of the gear 
> is roughly 10 years old and of similar make, both mobile and portable styles. 
>  They all are dropping in operating frequency. Many as far as 3000 hz at 850 
> MHz but it does vary with most in the 1300 hz area.  The trim adjustment is 
> made through a programming interface and in some cases we are running out of 
> adjustment.
> 
> My question is what is the process in the aging if the crystals that causes 
> this drop in frequency?  I understand it may be mechanical but the level if 
> vibration the radios are exposed to varies greatly and there does not seem to 
> be a correlation with the frequency shift we are seeing.
> 
> Just thought I start a discussion.  I thinks still soy of on topic?
> 
> Shawn
> 
> Sent from my iPhone
> 
> On Feb 14, 2011, at 5:02, Bob Camp <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
>> Hi
>> 
>>> From a number of radios I've torn crystals out of and looked at:
>> 
>> 1) The blank is broken / cracked. Most likely the radio got dropped 
>> somewhere along the line. Just like that stone hit on your windshield (on 
>> two cars at the moment), the crack can start small and propagate. Time from 
>> impact to failure might be years. 
>> 
>> 2) Cement fractures. Except in pressure mounts, the blank is held in the 
>> holder (clips) with cement. Normally this both holds the part and makes 
>> electrical connection. Some epoxies shrink with time eventually they shrink 
>> enough to crack. Big enough crack at the wrong place = no electrical contact.
>> 
>> 3) Plating adhesion. Metal is deposited on the blank using a thin film 
>> process. If everything is nice and clean, and it's the right metal it sticks 
>> very nicely. If it's the wrong metal or stuff is dirty - not so much. Add to 
>> that (possibly high) drive and the metal comes off. Loose enough metal and 
>> it stops working. 
>> 
>> 4) Air in the package. On high performance / low frequency crystals (think 5 
>> MHz 3rd), the parts run in vacuum. Let in air and the resistance goes up a 
>> lot. High resistance = no works. 
>> 
>> 5) Broken mounts. If you put enough vibration on a crystal for long enough, 
>> at the right frequency, you break the mounts. Often this is right where the 
>> mount hits the post coming up from the base. Happens mostly in mobile gear. 
>> You can do it with random vibe, but much easier to do with a sine at the 
>> right frequency. 
>> 
>> 6) Contamination. Put a fine layer of crud on the surface of a crystal and 
>> you can stop it dead. It acts as a mechanical damper, especially at low 
>> drive levels (like startup). 
>> 
>> ---------------
>> 
>> Stuff that you see in papers:
>> 
>> 7) Micro fractures. The machining process that makes the blank bashes away 
>> at the blank on a microscopic level. Stone to windshield on a micro scale. 
>> 
>> That's no where near a complete list, but it's a start. I have seen no 
>> convincing evidence of a wear out mechanism in a quartz resonator. Quartz is 
>> pretty sturdy stuff. There are lots of examples of parts older than I am 
>> still out there running. They do age on and on, they don't seem to die 
>> except when they are deliberately killed. 
>> 
>> Bob
>> 
>> On Feb 13, 2011, at 10:26 PM, Bill Hawkins wrote:
>> 
>>> Group,
>>> 
>>> Jim Garland on the [email protected] list asked about crystals:
>>> "A 22.5MHz crystal (HC-5 case) in my homebrew receiver, built about forty
>>> years ago, no longer oscillates. It seems to be purely an age-related
>>> problem.
>>> It is in a standard solid state circuit which bandswitches six crystals, and
>>> the other five work just fine.  I wonder what causes a crystal to stop
>>> working, and whether it is possible to repair them?  I've "repaired" dead
>>> 100kHz calibrator crystals, and hamband crystals in FT-243 cases, by
>>> cleaning off the brass pressure plates, but am not sure if one can do this
>>> on thin high crystals. As I recall, the metal electrodes are evaporated onto
>>> the sides of the element. 73, Jim W8ZR"
>>> 
>>> One of the replies was:
>>> "Broken families, drugs, drink... the normal, I suppose. John K5MO"
>>> 
>>> Scott Robinson asked: "Receiver crystals aren't getting beaten up by high
>>> power,
>>> but something has killed a lot of them in my R-390A and Drake R-4A.
>>> Curiously yours, Scott"
>>> 
>>> And Roy Morgan asked:
>>> "I have a 1960's frequency standard from a Nike site: the Sulzer Oscillator
>>> and would like to find tech into on it."
>>> 
>>> Any help appreciated.
>>> 
>>> Bill Hawkins
>>> 
>>> 
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