Hi

Ok, so how would you do a pure analog GPSDO? 

The GPS receiver and that side of it are what they are. I’ll assume that you 
have a 1 pps out of a module. 

Your OCXO needs to get to 1 Hz via dividers. You can do that with digital 
dividers or with a chain of regenerative 
dividers. One is a bit more analog, the other may be “ok” under the “don’t go 
to crazy” ground rule. 

You now have a PPS that is off somewhere relative to the GPS. A push button 
will get them into rough alignment. 
Your OCXO is quite likely a bit high or low. A multi turn pot on the EFC will 
let you get it within 1x10^-9 without a
lot of crazy work. A reasonable counter tied to a reference will let you do 
this. 

Net result: The pps signals are roughly aligned and drifting < 1 ns / s. 
Considering the delta between them is 
bopping around by 10 ns, that’s quite good.  

Run a very normal bipolar charge pump off of the delta between the two pps 
signals. Fire a sample and hold when 
the transition is over. You now have a (maybe) +/- 60V signal that corresponds 
to the phase error. Since you are using
film capacitors, the 60V comes along for free. Taking it to the maximum is just 
a way to save money on caps. 

Next up, do a fairly simple 20 second time constant R/C filter. That will take 
out a lot of the hopping around and make 
the rest of the system a bit easier to quiet down. You now have a somewhat 
linear +/- 60V signal that tells you how
far off phase the setup is. After the RC you have a high input impedance / low 
drift buffer amplifier. Yes that’s a little 
tricky. 

Next you need a P and an I term. Both need to be variable as the system calms 
down. A rotary switch will do fine for 
this. Relays might also do the job. The P is a bank of resistors, each one to 
scale the buffered R/C to your control amp.
The I goes off to a similar set of resistors driving an integrator. Net time 
constant there will be in the 200 to 2,000 second range.
That’s were the ovenized caps come in. You also need a really good amp as part 
of the integrator to buffer out the signal. 

The nice thing about doing it this way is that you can *see* it all happening. 
There is a nice *clunk* noise as the filter 
steps off. Each number in the filter has a (likely large value) resistor that 
sets it up. To change the filter characteristics, 
you swap out resistors or twiddle pots. 

If you do the math, even with 60 V on the system, you probably don’t want 
anything over 1 meg ohm involved. At 2K seconds
that gets you to a pretty big film capacitor bank. Even the 20 second lowpass 
isn’t exactly small by the standards of fancy 
capacitors. 

There are a few interesting tidbits like wire wound / high value / low temp co 
resistors that would help things a bit. Swapping 
those in and out as you change filter settings experimentally could get a bit 
crazy. 

The net result should be a good starting point for a GPSDO. You still would 
need to spend all of the time working out values
and matching it up to your OCXO. The need for a good local reference and good 
measurement gear while doing this still is 
a limit, just like the pure digital approach. 

Bob



> On May 23, 2016, at 12:46 PM, Nick Sayer via time-nuts <[email protected]> 
> wrote:
> 
> 
>> 
>>> If that sounds too weird, I am open to receive advises for a 
>>> microcontroller based solution.
>> 
>> If you want to go that way, probably the simplest solution would be to
>> take one of Nick Sayers boards, pull out the GPS receiver and feed the
>> PPS input from your GPS receiver.
> 
> It’d be kind of an awkward fit. For the OCXO/TCXO, you’d need to pull the 
> oscillator as well as the GPS (I believe you said you had an oscillator 
> already), and your EFC would be 1.65 volts wide centered on 1.65 volts. 
> That’s unlikely to be absolutely correct for your oscillator. You could 
> change around the Vref for the DAC, but at that point I’d consider 
> redesigning the board for your purposes instead.
> 
> That said, I think it’d be easy to adapt the circuit and code for a more 
> arbitrary setup. And I believe my system is good down to the ADEV 10E-11 
> level at tau 1s or so. I don’t know how much better it can do, as I’ve simply 
> not tried to go below that (and I likely couldn’t properly measure the 
> results anyway).
> 
> There’s also the FE-5680 board, but it has an RS-232 level shifter in place 
> of the DAC. On the other hand, it does have a very nice 2A @ 15V power 
> supply, which likely is very close to what you’d need for a really good OCXO. 
> A mash-up of that with the DAC put back in might be closer. But either way, 
> you’re designing a new board, I think.
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