NIST used off the shelf RF transformers in their mixers based  on diode 
connected (collector connected directly to base) 2N2222. The transformer 
impedance ratios (!:5 IIRC) are specified in the papers on the mixer 
performance. 
Suitable transformers are made by Minicircuits and others.

Bruce

> On 20 December 2018 at 07:04 Jerry Hancock <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> 
> Thanks to all that replied, lots of good info which will take me months to 
> sort through, especially the link to Jürg Kögel looks helpful as well as a 
> note from Bert.
> 
> Attila, Yes, more phase noise than long term though this is really an 
> exercise to get a better understanding of oscillators and measurement 
> techniques.
> 
> The 2n2222 mixer sounds like another H-mode, I’ll have to look at it.  It 
> probably uses self-wound, micro-sized bobbins which will be a challenge for 
> me :-].
> 
> Bob, I think you were the person who pointed me to the loose PLL a while 
> back.  The circuit I am building used a gain of 300ish (30k/100) and I expect 
> that to really clip when unlocked.  I have a 10-turn variable in the circuit 
> to bring it close initially. 
> 
> Another question or if you can point me to the method, if you are using 
> quadrature signals, is the measurement then the geometric sum? Or do you mix 
> them back together?  I am using a 3457a on the PD after an amp right now and 
> I would think you would need either another meter, which I have, or a 
> scanner, again I have both.  
> 
> My N2PK VNA uses two 24bit, low noise ADCs (LTC2410) for the same purpose 
> more or less. It has effectively two DC receivers with two DDS. I can throw 
> away the DDS and mixers and just read the DC voltage.  I have a second N2PK 
> board I never finished as I planned to use another master oscillator on it 
> with lower PN, but I needed a couple of parts and my tremor made SMD 
> soldering difficult.  This was one of the drivers for my interest in phase 
> noise. Now that I think about it, I can repurpose the second board, bypassing 
> the MC1496 mixers. They are filtered to be close to DC within a few hz and 
> has -135dB noise floor.  I can even change the input filter to use the 220 
> ohm/.0046uf R/C recommended.
> 
> I wish there was a way to use or modify one of my 8568B Spectrum analyzers to 
> do this.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Jerry
> 
> 
> > On Dec 19, 2018, at 7:57 AM, Attila Kinali <[email protected]> wrote:
> > 
> > Hoi Jerry,
> > 
> > On Tue, 18 Dec 2018 23:18:42 -0800
> > jerry <[email protected]> wrote:
> > 
> >> I'm playing around with various methods of collecting data for
> >> oscillator testing and would like to try the loose PLL which
> >> requires a phase detector (PD).  
> > 
> > I guess you are looking more into phase noise than stability?
> > 
> >> I'm testing an AD8302 but that has a flat spot around 176 to 180 degrees.
> > 
> > All phase detectors exhibit non-linearity in some form or other.
> > If you get all the way to +/-176° with good linearity, then be
> > happy. If you need more than that, then you have to either use
> > two phase detectors that are driven with a reference that is 90°
> > apart, or you have to digitize the signal and do the same in digital.
> > 
> >>  One of the papers I read recommended the subject PD but it is out of
> >> stock everywhere, including the subs. One Minicircuits PD is in stock but
> >> pricey.  I can try a double balanced mixer like the SBL or TUF series 
> >> (which
> >> I have on hand) but I thought maybe someone on the list has the subject PD
> >> they dont need. If so, please send me a note.
> > 
> > There is a decent alternative: Use two transformers and 4 2N2222 to
> > do your own mixer. The quality of it, according to NIST[1] is pretty
> > good. I assume that any other NPN transistor of similar make-up will
> > also do and lead to same/similar performance.
> > 
> > You might also want to have a look at Enrico's Mixer Tutorial[2]
> > 
> >> I'm slowly gathering parts for Riley's small Dual Mixer Time Difference
> >> test kit but it will take some time which I'm unfortunately running out
> >> of due to mild Parkinsons getting in the way of SMD soldering. I've used
> >> my HP 5371a in the past but it sounds like a jet engine.  I recently
> >> ordered a TICC as well.  By the time I'm done I probably will have
> >> purchased more than a commercial  product, ha!
> > 
> > Jürg Kögel did a redesign of the Riley DMTD earlier this year,
> > which looks very nice. And the measurements I've seen are very
> > impressive (it's on par with the best state of the art I am aware of).
> > So you might want to contact him and see whether he has some board left.
> > 
> >                     Attila Kinali
> > 
> > 
> > [1] "Residual PM Noise Evaluation of Radio Frequecny Mixers"
> > by Barnes, Hati, Nelson, Howe, 2011
> > https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2011.5977868
> > http://time.kinali.ch/mixers/residual_pm_noise_evaluation_of_radio_frequency_mixers-2011-barnes_hati_nelson_howe-05977868.pdf
> > 
> > [2] "Tutorial on the double-balanced mixer"
> > by Enrico Rubiola, 2006
> > http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0608211
> > -- 
> > It is upon moral qualities that a society is ultimately founded. All 
> > the prosperity and technological sophistication in the world is of no 
> > use without that foundation.
> >                 -- Miss Matheson, The Diamond Age, Neal Stephenson
> > 
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