Several TIPSters have cited Stephen Jay Gould’s *The Mismeasure of Man*
for a place among great articles or books in science. One can understand
why, as it reflects views that people of a liberal disposition feel is
right and proper in the present age. And as such it has generally received
highly favourable reviews in most publications. However, it has come under
heavy criticism by reviewers who have a deeper knowledge of the subject
matter. Bernard D. Davis commented that "While the non-scientific reviews
of *The Mismeasure of Man* were almost uniformly laudatory, the reviews in
the scientific journals were almost all highly critical." For instance, in
"Nature" Steve Blackhorn wrote:

"With a glittering prose style and as honestly held a set of prejudices as
you could hope to meet in a day’s crusading, S. J. Gould presents his
attempt at identifying the fatal flaw in the theory and measurement of
intelligence... The substantive discussion of the theory of intelligence
stops at the stage it was in more than a quarter of a century ago."

Blackhorn concludes that the *Mismeasure of Man* "is a book that
exemplifies its own theses. It is a masterpiece of propaganda, researched
in the service of a point of view rather than written from a fund of
knowledge."

Davis goes on to point to what he describes as "Gould’s selective
history", on which he writes: "...any purported scientific exposition of
these topics [measurements of intelligence and of its hereditarian and
environmental origins, and the social implications of the results] must be
as dispassionate and objective as possible about the facts, whatever the
social views the author favors. These are precious standards whose
corruption we must resist. Unfortunately, throughout Gould’s book they are
not met."

Again Davis: "The early chapters describe in detail some extremely naive
nineteenth-century attempts to measure intelligence in terms of brain size
or body shape. These are fossils from the history of science... Gould,
however, uses them skillfully, both to give the impression of a thoroughly
scholarly analysis and to arouse indignation at such evil uses of science…
[But] In the early stages of any science, na¨ve ideas, often reflecting
the prejudice of the time are inevitable. Gould implies this legacy will
persist; but history demonstrates that the advance of science depends on
continually discarding false hypotheses and preconceptions…To remind us of
these roots [views of Broca, Agassiz, etc] in the history of racism is
instructive – but to imply a similar prejudice in today’s investigations
of intelligence is unfair."

I think there is a natural tendency to give approbation to a book one has
read that chimes with current bien pensant [sorry, sometimes one has to
resort to the French for the mot juste –:)] views, or one's own feeling of
what is right and just. Unfortunately that sometimes results in a failure
to question whether what one is reading is a fair account of the material
it is purporting to report.

Allen Esterson
Former lecturer, Science Department
Southwark College, London
http://www.esterson.org/

References

Blinkhorn, S. What Skulduggery? Nature 296, 506 – 506, 8 April 1982,
Spring Books Supplement.
Carroll, J. B. Reflections on Stephen Jay Gould's *The Mismeasure of Man
(1981).* Intelligence 21, 121-134, 1995.

Davis, B. D. Neo-Lysenkoism, IQ, and the Press. The Public Interest (Fall
1983): 41-59. Reprinted in B. D. Davis. *Storm Over Biology: Essays on
Science, Sentiment, and Public Policy.* Prometheus Books, 1986, pp.
114-131.

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