On this day in 1893, a revolution was led by local businessmen 
and sugar planters which caused the Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani 
to abdicate, thus setting the stage for Hawaii's annexation, eventual 
statehood, and the birthplace of the first African-American President, 
Barack Obama.  

For the story as presented by the media, namely, the New York Times, 
see:
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0117.html#article 
(NOTE:  the image of the front page of the NYT has an ad by
R.H. Macy, the retailer that is with us today [though for how 
much longer is another question;  the NYT recently said it would
return to putting ads on the front page in order to generate
needed revenue]).

However, was the revolution and the removal of the Queen
a popular revolt or was it a cynical power play by American
businessmen to maintain their hegemony in Hawaii while being
backed by the power of the U.S. military (U.S. Marines and
Sailors were brought in by the local U.S. authority in order
to "maintain order"; martial law was declared and, in essence,
the U.S. military supported the "revolutionaries")?  I will leave
that question to those who are more familiar with the history of 
Hawaii to answer.  In the meantime, one can read the accounts on
Wikipedia (standard disclaimers apply):
About the Queen Liliuokalani:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liliuokalani_of_Hawai%27i 
About the Congressional Blount report which concluded that 
the U.S. had been involved in the illegal removal of the Queen
from office:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blount_Report 
The Morgan Report followed the Blount Report and contradicted
it:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Report 
Bottom Line: quoting from the wikipedia entry on Blount Report:
|In 1993, Congress passed and the President signed an 
|Apology Resolution apologizing for the overthrow of the Kingdom 
|of Hawaii a century before.
For more on the "Apology Resolution"  see:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apology_Resolution 

And I bet you thought that overthrowing foreign governments
was a recent U.S. innovation. (for Bonus Points:  what role
was play by the family that owned what would become the
Dole foods brand?)

On a cheerier note, on this day we have:
(see: http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20090117.html  )

Birthdays:
Michelle Obama (45yo)
Jim Carrey (47)
Kid Rock (38)
Muhammad Ali (67; float like a butterfly, sting like a bee!)
Maury Povich (70)
Don Zimmer (78; for the baseball fans)
James Earl Jones (78)
Betty White (87; for Golden Girl fans)
Al Capone (Born 1899 in Brooklyn, NY: American Entrepreneur)
Nevil Shute (1899; "On the Beach" author)
Benjamin Franklin (1706; obscure Philadelphian - remembered in the 
saying "It's all about the Benjamins!")

Other notable events:
(1961) In his farewell address, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned 
against the rise of "the military-industrial complex."
(NOTE: which appear to have gone unheeded)

And perhaps the most culturally significant event in the 20th century:
(1984) The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that the private use of home 
video cassette recorders to tape TV programs did not violate federal 
copyright laws.

Make it a day.

-Mike Palij
New York University
[email protected]



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