Re the Khan Academy:
http://www.khanacademy.org/

When Carol posted on this I checked out the clips on basic algebra and 
was immediately impressed by Khan's presentational skills and 
methodology. And as Stephen writes,
>It's an staggering body of work for one person
>to create, and he seems to be a gifted teacher.

I've now checked out some more of his lessons in mathematics and 
physics. His voice and teaching style is immediately attractive and 
attention-holding, with a sense of spontaneity one gets from a good 
teacher. One aspect I particularly liked was his tendency to reiterate 
a concept whenever it came up in the course of later stages in the 
topic.

I admit a prejudice in that his approach struck me as what nowadays 
would probably be called "traditional", and in the lessons I viewed it 
was very similar to the way I introduced topics in my teaching days. 
This even applied to a mnemonic I used to use for introductory 
trigonometry, "soh cah toa"! (See first lesson in Trigonometry if you 
need an explanation. -:) )

Allen Esterson
Former lecturer, Science Department
Southwark College, London
[email protected]
http://www.esterson.org

----------------------------------------------------

From:   [email protected]
Subject:        Re: Khan Academy
Date:   Sat, 01 Jan 2011 11:27:17 -0500

On 31 Dec 2010 at 12:26, DeVolder Carol L wrote:
>My son told me about this site. Maybe I'm the last person to
>discover it, but I thought I'd share it just in case. It seems
>to be a useful resource. So far I've only looked at the anatomy
>of a neuron and sodium-potassium pumps. I'd be interested in
>others' opinions.
> http://www.khanacademy.org/

I'm mightily impressed. It's an staggering body of work for one
person to create, and he seems to be a gifted teacher. PBS, among
others, has taken note of his contribution, and if PBS (The USA
television equivalent of the BBC) cares, it must be important (Allen
Esterson would disagree about PBS, but that's another story).
(See http://tinyurl.com/27qo5mr for the PBS report on Khan).

It also seems to me to be revolutionary, opening up high school and
university-level tutoring to millions who are without easy access to
such education.  As the truly cheap laptop becomes a reality and is
made available around the world, all any bright third-world person
would need is one of those, and the url to Khan's academy. How many
more potential Ramanujans are out there who could be kick-started
with something like this?

I checked out the "anatomy of a neuron" lesson, expecting the
standard misconception about this topic. I thought my fear about to
comfirmed when he used as his drawn example a motoneuron.  I was
instead pleasantly surprised.

He did not define a dendrite according to the incorrect but widely-
used definition as the part of the neuron which conducts a signal
_towards_ the soma. Instead, he defined it correctly as the part of
the neuron which _receives_ a signal, a definition first advcated by
Bodian in a classic paper in _Science_.  The problem with the
standard incorrect definition is that it only works out for one type
of neuron--the motoneuron--and leads to contradictions when applied
to others, notably the myelinated bipolar neuron. Focusing on
direction of travel in relation to the soma is also of no
physiological significance, while a definition in terms of receiving
and sending information is.

He might have said a bit more about these definitions, perhaps noted
that the myelin is provided by oligodendrocytes, not Schwann cells,
in the CNS, and given some examples of other types of neuron. But
within the limits of the short lesson on YouTube which he set
himself, it's a pretty good presentation. Bravo, Sal Khan! And thank
you, Carol, for pointing it out.

As for Miguel's post asking about the Lin theory of the sodium pump.
I haven't heard anything about this, and a Google search seems to
turn up mostly Lin himself promoting his work. One exception I found
is a 1985 (or so) book review in _New Scientist_ by a chemist, who
calls Lin's work "soft science", but says it's still good to have
such dissenters.

The topic is too difficult for me to evaluate. However, given the
great acceptance of the sodium-potassium pump idea, its evident
success in understanding and predicting neuronal function,  and the
total absence of Lin's claims in textbooks, I'd be very cautious
about Lin. It sounds to me as though it could be another case of an
off-the-wall dissenter, such as Peter Duesberg, who claims that HIV
doesn't cause AIDS.

Stephen
--------------------------------------------
Stephen L. Black, Ph.D.
Professor of Psychology, Emeritus
Bishop's University
Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
e-mail:  sblack at
ubishops.ca
---------------------------------------------



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