I did a little debugging, and the problem happens because
krb5-kdc.service fails to start with:

Feb 02 15:22:34 krb5-test systemd[1]: Starting Kerberos 5 Key Distribution 
Center...
Feb 02 15:22:34 krb5-test krb5kdc[3957]: Cannot open DB2 database 
'/var/lib/krb5kdc/principal': No such file or directory - while initializing 
database for realm LXD
Feb 02 15:22:34 krb5-test krb5kdc[3957]: krb5kdc: cannot initialize realm LXD - 
see log file for details
Feb 02 15:22:34 krb5-test systemd[1]: krb5-kdc.service: Control process exited, 
code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Feb 02 15:22:34 krb5-test systemd[1]: krb5-kdc.service: Failed with result 
'exit-code'.
Feb 02 15:22:34 krb5-test systemd[1]: Failed to start Kerberos 5 Key 
Distribution Center.

systemd-invoke will try to run systemctl like this:

systemctl --quiet --system restart krb5-kdc.service

which fails because of the problem mentioned above.

I don't think this is a problem with init-system-helpers, but rather an
issue with krb5-kdc indeed.  Also, I believe it's worth reporting this
bug to Debian, since they suffer from it too.

** Also affects: krb5 (Ubuntu)
   Importance: Undecided
       Status: New

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2003756

Title:
  Cannot configure krb5-kdc on Ubuntu Jammy 22.04.01, "Could not execute
  systemctl:  at /usr/bin/deb-systemd-invoke line 142."

Status in init-system-helpers package in Ubuntu:
  New
Status in krb5 package in Ubuntu:
  New

Bug description:
  I have a fresh install of Ubuntu Server 22.04.01 LTS.  After
  installing the server and running all updates, I run the following
  command:

  apt -y install slapd ldap-utils schema2ldif sasl2-bin
  libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit krb5-kdc-ldap krb5-admin-server krb5-kdc

  This will be installing krb5-kdc 1.19.2-2.

  This is in preparation for setting up an OpenLDAP server, a Kerberos
  server with an LDAP backend, and saslauthd for pass-through
  authentication.  krb5-kdc was auto-selected when running the steps in
  the guide here in my development environment:
  https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/service-kerberos-with-openldap-backend
  When installing that, I get the following in the output:

  Setting up krb5-kdc (1.19.2-2) ...
  Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/krb5-kdc.service 
→ /lib/systemd/system/krb5-kdc.service.
  Could not execute systemctl:  at /usr/bin/deb-systemd-invoke line 142.

  I do get the prompts for the realm, kdc, and admin server hostnames,
  and they are reflected in /etc/krb5.conf.  If I then run the
  following:

  dpkg-reconfigure krb5-kdc

  I am prompted for whether I want the package to create the Kerberos
  KDC configuration automatically, and when I say yes, it then repeats
  the following error:

  Could not execute systemctl:  at /usr/bin/deb-systemd-invoke line 142.

  I cannot find any further debug in the syslog or anything to indicate
  what the root cause is; the list of packages here are all installed
  together on a separate development server where I experimented with
  the configuration I will be deploying here in production so I don't
  think it's incompatible packages in the install list, but I am open to
  feedback on that.

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