What I'm going to suggest here now is a side note, since I have once
experienced a similar problem.
What could help in this case is:
* Just INSERT/PLUG the disk drive which was previously removed unsafely.
Don't mount its partitions.
* Use a file system checking to check for errors on the all the
partitions of the disk drive which was removed unsafely.
** I don't know, but perhaps GParted can do this check for you if you
want an user-friendly way of doing so.
** If GParted isn't able to do so, perhaps you can use programs like
Fsck ("fsck" command), and similar ones, like the Fsck.fat ("fsck.fat"
command) to check FAT file systems (provided by the "dosfstools" package).