The drivers usually are distributed under the GNU GPL along with Linux. What is proprietary (or not) is the firmware that the kernels loads into the peripheral where it is executed. I doubt there even exists proprietary equivalent to the free Atheros firmware we have (for the Atheros AR9170, AR9270 and AR9271 chipsets... and maybe other chipsets). Atheros simply freed it. According to the description of the "openfwwf" package, the free firmware for the Broadcom BCM43xx chipsets really is an alternative to a proprietary one. I have no idea if there are differences in terms of features/performance. Finally, some older Wifi boards do not even need any firmware.

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