Before I answer, I will tell you how I found the information.

other than echo and read and variable names and control structures like 'if', there are appear to be two programs used:

sha512sum | base64 -w 0

After reading the man page of both I saw at the end of the man page for sha512sum:
SEE ALSO
The full documentation for sha512sum is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and sha512sum programs are properly installed at your site,
       the command

              info coreutils 'sha512sum invocation'

       should give you access to the complete manual.


so I open a terminal and type:
info coreutils 'sha512sum invocation'

From this manual I found the answer.  Here is how you do that:

type ? to find out commands to navigate the manual

After you read about the sha commands you will see that they share the same syntax with md5. So go back (use ? if you don't know how) and read the md5 section and you will see this:

If FILE contains a
backslash or newline, the line is started with a backslash, and each
problematic character in the file name is escaped with a backslash,
making the output unambiguous even in the presence of arbitrary file
names.

so if I have a file name like he*llo it would be he\*llo if it was he\llo it becomes he\\llo

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