David, If you have the time I'd like to see your word study on the word"hate".
Ok, Izzy. I put this together for you this morning.
"As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated." (Romans 9:13)
The Greek word translated "hated" here is "miseo," pronounced, mis-eh'-oh.
Strong's lexicon defines "miseo" as follows: G3404 miseo mis-eh'-o
From a primary word misos (hatred); to detest (especially to persecute); by
extension to love less: - hate (-ful).
Thayer's lexicon defines "miseo" as follows: G3404 miseo 1) to hate, pursue with hatred, detest 2) to be hated, detested Part of Speech: verb A Related Word by Thayer's/Strong's Number: from a primary misos (hatred) Citing in TDNT: 4:683, 597
One way that scholars gain an understanding of a Greek word is to examine how it is used by writers during the same time as it is used by the author in question. By examining how the word is used in sentences written during the same decades by the same author and other others, an understanding is reached concerning its usage. I have examined every passage in the Bible that uses this Greek word, and I am convinced that it basically has the same meaning as the word English word hate does today.
Keep in mind that the English word hate has a wide lattitude of meaning. If I say that I hate spinach or that I hate pink houses, that has a different meaning that if I say that I hate John Doe and I will kill him before the year ends. Some other more mild ways we use the word in English would include: "I hate this movie; it is so boring," or, "I hate cleaning the house," or, "I hate to say it, but we are going to lose this game."
There are 41 times this Greek word is used, and in the KJV it is always translated as "hate." The occurences are as follows:
hate, 16
Mat_5:43-44 (2), Mat_6:24, Mat_24:10, Luk_1:71, Luk_6:22, Luk_6:27, Luk_14:26, Luk_16:13, Joh_7:7, Joh_15:18, Rom_7:15, 1Jo_3:13, Rev_2:6, Rev_17:15-16 (2)
hated, 11
Mat_10:22, Luk_19:13-14 (2), Joh_15:17-18 (2), Joh_15:24-25 (2), Joh_17:14, Rom_9:13, Eph_5:29, Heb_1:9
hateth, 10
Joh_3:20, Joh_7:7, Joh_12:25, Joh_15:19, Joh_15:23 (2), 1Jo_2:9, 1Jo_2:11, 1Jo_3:15, 1Jo_4:20
hating, 2 Tit_3:3, Jud_1:23
hateful, 1 Rev_18:2
hatest, 1 Rev_2:6
Below I print out the verses for you so that you don't have to look them all up. Pay attention to how the word is used in each verse, and you will gain a clear understanding of its meaning.
(Matthew 5:44) But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you;
(Matthew 6:24) No man can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon.
(Matthew 10:22) And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake: but he that endureth to the end shall be saved.
(Matthew 24:10) And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, and shall hate one another.
(Luke 1:71) That we should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all that hate us;
(Luke 6:22) Blessed are ye, when men shall hate you, and when they shall separate you from their company, and shall reproach you, and cast out your name as evil, for the Son of man's sake.
(Luke 6:27) But I say unto you which hear, Love your enemies, do good to them which hate you,
(Luke 14:26) If any man come to me, and hate not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple.
(Luke 16:13) No servant can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon.
(Luke 19:13-14) And he called his ten servants, and delivered them ten pounds, and said unto them, Occupy till I come. But his citizens hated him, and sent a message after him, saying, We will not have this man to reign over us.
(John 7:7) The world cannot hate you; but me it hateth, because I testify of it, that the works thereof are evil.
(John 15:18) If the world hate you, ye know that it hated me before it hated you.
(John 15:23) He that hateth me hateth my Father also.
(Romans 7:15) For that which I do I allow not: for what I would, that do I not; but what I hate, that do I.
(Titus 3:3) For we ourselves also were sometimes foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving divers lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another.
(1 John 2:9) He that saith he is in the light, and hateth his brother, is in darkness even until now.
(1 John 2:11) But he that hateth his brother is in darkness, and walketh in darkness, and knoweth not whither he goeth, because that darkness hath blinded his eyes.
(1 John 3:13) Marvel not, my brethren, if the world hate you.
(1 John 3:15) Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer: and ye know that no murderer hath eternal life abiding in him.
(1 John 4:20) If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar: for he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?
(Jude 1:23) And others save with fear, pulling them out of the fire; hating even the garment spotted by the flesh.
(Revelation 2:6) But this thou hast, that thou hatest the deeds of the Nicolaitans, which I also hate.
(Revelation 17:16) And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.
(Revelation 18:2) And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.
In Romans 9:13, Paul is quoting a Hebrew prophet, so we also can look at the passage he quotes in the actual Hebrew Scriptures to gain an understanding of this word.
"I have loved you, saith the LORD. Yet ye say, Wherein hast thou loved us? Was not Esau Jacob's brother? saith the LORD: yet I loved Jacob, And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness. Whereas Edom saith, We are impoverished, but we will return and build the desolate places; thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall build, but I will throw down; and they shall call them, The border of wickedness, and, The people against whom the LORD hath indignation for ever."
(Malachi 1:2-4)
Notice that here he speaks of actions of the Lord against Edom, which is the land that Esau's descendants inhabited. The hatred of the Lord toward Esau is expressed through his actions of laying his mountains and heritage waste. Whenever the descendants of Esau try to build or repair, the Lord's hatred toward Esau is so intense that he takes it out on his descendents, throwing down every effort they make to better themselves or their inheritance. The passage above ends by saying that the Lord has indignation against this people forever. That sure sounds like hatred as we know it.
The Hebrew word translated "hate" here is "sane" which is pronounced, saw-nay'.
Strong's lexicon defines the word as follows:
H8130
sane
saw-nay'
A primitive root; to hate (personally): - enemy, foe, (be) hate (-ful, -r), odious, X utterly.
Brown-Driver-Brigg's lexicon defines sane as follows: H8130 sane BDB Definition: 1) to hate, be hateful 1a) (Qal) to hate 1a1) of man 1a2) of God 1a3) hater, one hating, enemy (participle) (substantive) 1b) (Niphal) to be hated 1c) (Piel) hater (participle) 1c1) of persons, nations, God, wisdom Part of Speech: verb A Related Word by BDB/Strong's Number: a primitive root Same Word by TWOT Number: 2272
The New American Standard Bible translates the word sane in the following way:
H8130
sane (971b);
a prim. root; to hate:
- detest (1), enemy (3), enmity (1), foes (1), hate (78), hated (28), hated her intensely (1), hates (19), hating (2), hatred (1), turned against (1), turns against (2), unloved (7).
The Hebrew word "sane" is used 145 times in the Hebrew Scriptures and translated in the KJV mostly as hate, but also as enemy, foe, and odious. Following are the occurences and the relevant references to the passages:
hate, 68
Gen_24:60, Gen_26:27, Exo_20:5, Lev_26:17 (2), Num_10:35, Deu_7:9-10 (2), Deu_7:15, Deu_19:11, Deu_22:13, Deu_24:3, Deu_30:7, Deu_32:41, Deu_33:11, Jdg_11:7, Jdg_14:16, 2Sa_22:41, 1Ki_22:8, 2Ch_18:7, 2Ch_19:2, Job_8:22, Psa_9:13, Psa_18:40, Psa_21:8, Psa_25:19, Psa_34:21, Psa_38:19 (2), Psa_41:7, Psa_44:10, Psa_68:1, Psa_69:4, Psa_69:14, Psa_83:2, Psa_86:17, Psa_89:23, Psa_97:10, Psa_101:3, Psa_105:25, Psa_118:7, Psa_119:104, Psa_119:113, Psa_119:128, Psa_119:163, Psa_129:5, Pro_1:21-22 (4), Pro_6:16, Pro_8:13 (2), Pro_8:36, Pro_9:8, Pro_19:7, Pro_25:17, Pro_29:10, Isa_61:8 (2), Jer_44:4, Eze_16:27, Amo_5:10, Amo_5:15, Amo_5:21, Amo_6:8, Mic_3:2, Zec_8:17
hated, 42
Gen_29:31, Gen_29:33, Gen_37:4-5 (2), Gen_37:8, Deu_4:42, Deu_19:4, Deu_19:6, Deu_21:15-17 (4), Jos_20:5, Jdg_15:2, 2Sa_5:8, 2Sa_13:15 (2), 2Sa_13:22, 2Sa_22:18, Est_9:1, Est_9:5, Job_31:29, Psa_18:17, Psa_44:5-7 (3), Psa_55:12, Psa_106:10, Psa_106:41, Pro_1:29, Pro_5:12, Pro_14:17, Pro_14:20, Ecc_2:17-18 (2), Isa_60:15, Isa_66:5, Jer_12:8, Eze_16:37, Eze_35:6, Hos_9:15, Mal_1:3
hateth, 20
Exo_23:5, Deu_7:10, Deu_12:31, Deu_16:22, Job_34:16-17 (2), Psa_120:5-6 (2), Pro_11:15, Pro_12:1, Pro_13:5, Pro_13:24, Pro_15:10, Pro_15:27, Pro_26:24, Pro_26:28, Pro_28:16, Pro_29:24, Isa_1:14, Mal_2:16
hatest, 5 2Sa_19:6, Psa_5:5, Psa_45:7, Psa_50:17, Eze_23:28
enemies, 3 Exo_1:10, 2Sa_19:6, 2Ch_1:11
enemy, 2 Pro_25:21, Pro_27:6
foes, 1 Est_9:16
hateful, 1 Psa_36:2
haters, 1 Psa_81:15
hating, 1 Exo_18:21
odious, 1 Pro_30:23
This is all I have time for now. I hope it helps you sort through the facts.
Peace be with you. David Miller.
---------- "Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt, that you may know how you ought to answer every man." (Colossians 4:6) http://www.InnGlory.org
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