Having traced this a number of times, I have consistently seen this
assertion fail:

nscd: mem.c:335: gc: Assertion `off_alloc <= db->head->first_free'
failed.

This occurs during garbage collection, when the code is calculating
slack space in it's tree layout:

      ref_t off_alloc = (byte * BITS + cnt) * BLOCK_ALIGN;
      assert (off_alloc <= db->head->first_free);

...it detects an overlap. This always fires after a new thread has been
created:

# valgrind --trace-children=yes /usr/sbin/nscd -d
==7565== Memcheck, a memory error detector.
==7565== Copyright (C) 2002-2007, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==7565== Using LibVEX rev 1854, a library for dynamic binary translation.
==7565== Copyright (C) 2004-2007, and GNU GPL'd, by OpenWorks LLP.
==7565== Using valgrind-3.3.1-Debian, a dynamic binary instrumentation 
framework.
==7565== Copyright (C) 2000-2007, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==7565== For more details, rerun with: -v
==7565== 
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 7063
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 7586
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 7600
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 7603
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 7651
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 7651
7565:   GETFDHST
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 7651
7565:   GETHOSTBYNAME (sony)
7565: Reloading "root" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "gdm" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "haldaemon" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "messagebus" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "polkituser" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "daniel" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "sshd" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "ntp" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "nobody" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "7" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "1" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "110" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "115" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "root" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "gdm" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "haldaemon" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "messagebus" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "polkituser" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "daniel" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "sshd" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "ntp" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "nobody" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "7" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "1" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "110" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "115" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "root" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "gdm" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "haldaemon" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "messagebus" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "polkituser" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "daniel" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "sshd" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "ntp" in password cache!
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8717
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8720
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8721
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8721
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8722
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8722
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8723
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8723
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8724
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8724
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8725
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8725
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8726
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8726
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8727
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8727
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8728
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8728
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8729
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8729
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8730
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8730
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8731
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8731
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8732
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8732
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8733
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8733
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8734
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8734
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8735
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8735
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8736
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8736
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8737
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8737
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8738
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8738
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8739
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8739
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8740
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8740
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8741
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8741
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8742
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8742
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8743
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8743
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8744
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8744
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8745
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8745
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8746
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8746
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8747
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8747
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8748
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8748
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8749
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8749
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8750
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8750
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8751
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8751
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8752
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8752
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8753
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8753
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8754
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8754
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8755
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8755
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8756
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8756
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8757
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8757
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8758
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8758
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8759
7565:   GETFDGR
7565: provide access to FD 6, for group
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 8759
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: Reloading "nobody" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "7" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "1" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "110" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "115" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "root" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "gdm" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "haldaemon" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "messagebus" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "polkituser" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "daniel" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "sshd" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "ntp" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "nobody" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "7" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "1" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "110" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "115" in password cache!
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 9337
7565:   GETFDPW
7565: provide access to FD 4, for passwd
7565: Reloading "root" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "gdm" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "haldaemon" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "messagebus" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "polkituser" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "daniel" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "sshd" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "ntp" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "nobody" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "7" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "1" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "110" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "115" in password cache!
7565: Reloading "audio" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "root" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "gdm" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "gdm" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "haldaemon" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "haldaemon" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "120" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "104" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "30" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "123" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "20" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "4" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "125" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "44" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "108" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "127" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "24" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "daniel" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "46" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "25" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "100" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "0" in group cache!
7565: Reloading "tty" in group cache!
7565: remove GETPWBYUID entry "0"
7565: remove GETPWBYUID entry "111"
7565: remove GETPWBYNAME entry "root"
7565: remove GETPWBYUID entry "105"
7565: remove GETPWBYNAME entry "gdm"
7565: remove GETPWBYNAME entry "haldaemon"
7565: remove GETPWBYNAME entry "messagebus"
7565: remove GETPWBYUID entry "108"
7565: remove GETPWBYNAME entry "polkituser"
7565: remove GETPWBYUID entry "1500"
7565: remove GETPWBYUID entry "109"
7565: remove GETPWBYNAME entry "daniel"
==7565== Thread 2:
==7565== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==7565==    at 0x108A0: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0xFBBD: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0x5D56: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0x484F50E: start_thread (in 
/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread-2.8.90.so)
==7565==    by 0x495C7ED: clone (in /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.8.90.so)
7565: Reloading "nogroup" in group cache!
7565: handle_request: request received (Version = 2) from PID 6756
7565:   GETPWBYNAME (daniel)
7565: Haven't found "daniel" in password cache!
7565: remove GETPWBYNAME entry "sshd"
7565: remove GETPWBYNAME entry "ntp"
7565: remove GETPWBYUID entry "116"
7565: remove GETPWBYUID entry "117"
==7565== 
==7565== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==7565==    at 0x10A10: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0xFBBD: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0x5D56: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0x484F50E: start_thread (in 
/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread-2.8.90.so)
==7565==    by 0x495C7ED: clone (in /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.8.90.so)
==7565== 
==7565== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==7565==    at 0x10B90: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0xFBBD: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0x5D56: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0x484F50E: start_thread (in 
/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread-2.8.90.so)
==7565==    by 0x495C7ED: clone (in /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.8.90.so)
==7565== 
==7565== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==7565==    at 0x10BD2: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0xFBBD: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0x5D56: (within /usr/sbin/nscd)
==7565==    by 0x484F50E: start_thread (in 
/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread-2.8.90.so)
==7565==    by 0x495C7ED: clone (in /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.8.90.so)
nscd: mem.c:335: gc: Assertion `off_alloc <= db->head->first_free' failed.
==7565== 
==7565== ERROR SUMMARY: 8 errors from 4 contexts (suppressed: 40 from 2)
==7565== malloc/free: in use at exit: 13,620 bytes in 40 blocks.
==7565== malloc/free: 2,135 allocs, 2,095 frees, 182,826 bytes allocated.
==7565== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v
==7565== searching for pointers to 40 not-freed blocks.
==7565== checked 8,151,852 bytes.
==7565== 
==7565== LEAK SUMMARY:
==7565==    definitely lost: 444 bytes in 31 blocks.
==7565==      possibly lost: 1,008 bytes in 7 blocks.
==7565==    still reachable: 12,168 bytes in 2 blocks.
==7565==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.
==7565== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory.
Killed


** Changed in: glibc (Ubuntu)
       Status: New => Confirmed

-- 
nscd crashed with SIGSEGV in start_thread()
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/256157
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