ThinkWiki has some more information on this:
http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Predesktop_Area
which links to
http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Hidden_Protected_Area
http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Rescue_and_Recovery

The basic gist is that there's a hidden part of the hard drive (at the
end) that can be booted into which contains backups and diagnostics.

The tricky part is that the implementation has actually changed over
time.

Here's a summary of what I've been able to figure out.

On older ThinkPads, this is implemented with the BIOS hiding that part
of the hard drive (by reporting a smaller hard drive to the OS). In this
case, the MBR contains a special ThinkPad bootloader which monitors the
blue button. If the blue button is not pressed, it boots the first
partition on the drive regardles of active bit. If the blue button is
pressed, it does something magical to boot into the hidden part of the
hard drive.

On newer ThinkPads, the hidden part of the hard drive is a standard
hidden partition, and the ThinkPad bootloader unhides it and boots into
it when the button is pressed. In this case, it is possible to have GRUB
replace the ThinkPad bootloader.

Installing any bootloader into the MBR that is not the ThinkPad
bootloader will result in difficulty booting into the predesktop area.
Depending on your model, you may be able to configure grub to do the
same thing.

-- 
after installing Ubuntu I can't access my rescue partition
https://launchpad.net/bugs/19634

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