Ok I can reproduce

One sees just quickly the bootloader flying by:
  BdsDxe: loading Boot0001 "UEFI QEMU HARDDISK QM00005 " from 
  PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x4,0x0)/Sata(0x0,0xFFFF,0x0)
  BdsDxe: starting Boot0001 "UEFI QEMU HARDDISK QM00005 " from 
  PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x4,0x0)/Sata(0x0,0xFFFF,0x0)
  error: no such device: ubuntu-boot.
... and then it crashes.

I was probing the major conditions to trigger - it seems to be only
happening with the efi / ovmf boot.

Changing the machine= or cpu model= had no impact, neither had a i440fx/q35 
change.
But dropping from Efi to the default loader avoided the crash. There it also 
only worked to some extend - I mean it starts and does not crash. But the guest 
seems to insist/require UEFI as it doesn't go much further. I first thought the 
ovmf build might have a similar problem to what we have had in seabios, but 
then I tested non UC20.

I also wanted to know if there is anything special in the UC20 image
that is needed to trigger this and therefore booted a cloud image with
OVMF.

So I took a usual cloud-image based focal guest and added:
  <loader readonly='yes' type='pflash'>/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_CODE.fd</loader>
  <nvram template='/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_VARS.fd'/>

And that works like a charm. So the issues seems to be triggered by
something set up int hat UC20 image that you linked. It must do/trigger
something that a cloud-image would not do on the same setup.

The early boot messages differ - but that might be a red herring.
BdsDxe: loading Boot0001 "UEFI Misc Device" from 
PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x2,0x3)/Pci(0x0,0x0)
BdsDxe: starting Boot0001 "UEFI Misc Device" from 
PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x2,0x3)/Pci(0x0,0x0)
error: can't find command `hwmatch'.

I don't even see the UC20 kernel initializing.
The next step is to know/learn what this image does differently.
How is this UC20 image special, what does it do special on init that other 
images don't do?
@Juergh do you now or do we need to reach out to mvo and others?

** Summary changed:

- KVM internal error. Suberror: 1 -- emulation failure
+ UC20 running in OVMF triggers qemu emulation error (cloudimage works fine on 
the same)

** Changed in: qemu (Ubuntu)
       Status: Triaged => Incomplete

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1875012

Title:
  UC20 running in OVMF triggers qemu emulation error (cloudimage works
  fine on the same)

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