I just installed bind9 on a fresh ubuntu 20.04 system, and it started up
just fine, even with apparmor enabled out of the box:

ps:
/usr/sbin/named (enforce)          2696 ?        Ssl    0:00 /usr/sbin/named -f 
-u bind

ports:
# ss -lnp|grep -E "^tcp.*:53"
tcp   LISTEN 0      10                                    10.0.100.87:53        
                                    0.0.0.0:*                                   
 
users:(("named",pid=2696,fd=55),("named",pid=2696,fd=54),("named",pid=2696,fd=53),("named",pid=2696,fd=52),("named",pid=2696,fd=51))
tcp   LISTEN 0      10                                      127.0.0.1:53        
                                    0.0.0.0:*                                   
 
users:(("named",pid=2696,fd=46),("named",pid=2696,fd=45),("named",pid=2696,fd=44),("named",pid=2696,fd=43),("named",pid=2696,fd=42))
tcp   LISTEN 0      4096                                127.0.0.53%lo:53        
                                    0.0.0.0:*                                   
 users:(("systemd-resolve",pid=150,fd=13))                                      
tcp   LISTEN 0      10                [fe80::216:3eff:fed6:7653]%eth0:53        
                                       [::]:*                                   
 
users:(("named",pid=2696,fd=75),("named",pid=2696,fd=74),("named",pid=2696,fd=73),("named",pid=2696,fd=72),("named",pid=2696,fd=71))
tcp   LISTEN 0      10                                          [::1]:53        
                                       [::]:*                                   
 
users:(("named",pid=2696,fd=65),("named",pid=2696,fd=64),("named",pid=2696,fd=63),("named",pid=2696,fd=62),("named",pid=2696,fd=61))


You will have to share more information about what is going on in your 
environment. The usual culprits of bind not starting up are:
- invalid config
- something else listening on :53 already. Note in the ss output above I have 
systemd-resolve listening on 127.0.0.53:53, but that doesn't conflict with bind 
because it's a different ip address.

In particular, also check for "listen" options in /etc/bind:

grep listen -r /etc/bind

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1886528

Title:
  BIND9: unable to set effective uid to 0: Operation not permitted

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