Hi Bill, 

This is perhaps going off on something of a tangent, but I’m curious where you 
see this work fitting with the “Digital Geneva Convention” barrow that 
Microsoft have been pushing for the past few months (since February, I think?). 
From your description it sounds like it’s at least very much in the same space… 

Cheers
Chris

> On 15 Nov 2017, at 14:34, Mark Blackman <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> 
> 
>> On 15 Nov 2017, at 12:51, Bill Woodcock <[email protected]> wrote:
>> 
>> Not exactly...  a diplomatic norm is a commonly-accepted agreement as to 
>> expected behavior.  It’s essentially a step short of a treaty.  
>> 
>> The problem here is that the US, Russia, and China all want to preserve 
>> their “right” to conduct offensive cyber operations against anyone they 
>> want, any time they want, without it rising to the level of a diplomatic 
>> incident.  Pretty much everyone else (but most actively the Dutch, 
>> Singaporeans, and French) agree that this is unacceptable behavior. But 
>> until diplomats agree on a definition of what exactly is unacceptable, when 
>> it’s unacceptable, in what context it’s unacceptable, by whom it’s 
>> unacceptable, and against whom it’s unacceptable, there isn’t sufficient 
>> consensus to constitute a norm. 
>> 
>> Once there’s a norm that’s clear and understandable for governments to agree 
>> to, we can start picking up momentum.  When a lot of governments agree to 
>> it, violating it will become more and more diplomatically costly for the few 
>> governments that do. 
> 
> Would you say that the current administrations of China, the US and Russia 
> observe diplomatic norms in general? Possibly some norms are better than 
> none, but I am not so sure.
> 
> - Mark
> 
> 


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