On 2014-12-16 10:31, Rick Stevens wrote:
On 12/16/2014 09:05 AM, Angelo Moreschini wrote:
Hi,
I I had to re install Fedora on my computer, I did it and now I have to
restore the data from the old installation.
Using an external support for the disc ("USB to SATA / IDE converter") I
can access the old drive, and using Nautilus to see all the data that I
would recover, but I do not have permission to copy them (on the disk
where I made the new installation of Fedora).
I tried to mount the partition (where the data is recorded that I want
to recover), but the directories and the data that I have not mounted
directly readable ... So I can not make the transfer of data that I
need ...
What is the correct way to conduct this operation ???
It is most likely that your user ID and group ID (UID and GID) are
different on the new installation than they were on the old one. As
a result, you'll need to do the mount and copy operations as the root
user and convert the UID/GID of the files you're copying from the old
installation to the UID and GID of your account on the new system.
To find your current UID/GID, log into the new system and issue the
command "id". Example:
[rick@localhost ~]$ id
uid=1000(rick) gid=1000(rick) groups=1000(rick),10(wheel)
So I'm user ID 1000 and group ID 1000. Now, as the root user, mount
your drive and use the "cp -an" command to copy the files from the old
drive to wherever you need them (the "-n" part will keep you from
overwriting existing files on the new system). If you really want to
stomp on everything, omit the "n" (e.g. "cp -a" only). Also keep in
mind that this will NOT copy hidden files or directories (those that
start with a ".", such as ".bashrc" and the like). Those you have to
copy individually or use a tool such as "rsync" or "find".
Once you're done with that, again as root, try using:
chown -R youruserID:yourgroupID /path/to/new/files
to change the UID and GIDs of the files at "/path/to/new/files" to your
new IDs (that you got from the "id" command).
That's it in a nutshell. There may be better ways to do it and you'll
have to adapt these instructions to fit your particular case.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Rick Stevens, Systems Engineer, AllDigital ri...@alldigital.com -
- AIM/Skype: therps2 ICQ: 22643734 Yahoo: origrps2 -
- -
- "I'd explain it to you, but your brain might explode." -
----------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have copies of the /etc/passwd and /etc/groups files, then you
have an option to move your users to the new machine and then it makes
it much easier to restore files.
From a file that I have used for years. UGIDLIMIT was 500 in the original.
First create a tar ball of old uses (old Linux system). Create a directory:
# mkdir /root/move/
Setup UID filter limit:
# export UGIDLIMIT=1000
Now copy /etc/passwd accounts to /root/move/passwd.mig using awk to
filter out system account (i.e. only copy user accounts)
# awk -v LIMIT=$UGIDLIMIT -F: '($3>=LIMIT) && ($3!=65534)' /etc/passwd >
/root/move/passwd.mig
Copy /etc/group file:
# awk -v LIMIT=$UGIDLIMIT -F: '($3>=LIMIT) && ($3!=65534)' /etc/group >
/root/move/group.mig
Copy /etc/shadow file:
# awk -v LIMIT=$UGIDLIMIT -F: '($3>=LIMIT) && ($3!=65534) {print $1}'
/etc/passwd | tee - |egrep -f - /etc/shadow > /root/move/shadow.mig
Make a backup of /home and /var/spool/mail dirs:
# tar -zcvpf /root/move/home.tar.gz /home
# tar -zcvpf /root/move/mail.tar.gz /var/spool/mail
# mkdir /root/newsusers.bak
# cp /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow /root/newsusers.bak
Now restore passwd and other files in /etc/
# cd /path/to/location
# cat passwd.mig >> /etc/passwd
# cat group.mig >> /etc/group
# cat shadow.mig >> /etc/shadow
# /bin/cp gshadow.mig /etc/gshadow
Please note that you must use >> (append) and not > (create) shell
redirection.
Now copy and extract home.tar.gz to new server /home
# cd /
# tar -zxvf /path/to/location/home.tar.gz
Now copy and extract mail.tar.gz (Mails) to new server /var/spool/mail
# cd /
# tar -zxvf /path/to/location/mail.tar.gz
Now reboot system; when the Linux comes back, your user accounts will
work as they did before on old system:
# reboot
Please note that if you are new to Linux perform above commands in a
sandbox environment. Above technique can be used to UNIX to UNIX OR UNIX
to Linux account migration. You need to make couple of changes but
overall the concept remains the same.
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