Hi, again thanks for the replies to this thread.
The original OP was not about "Unix/VMS error/exit codes", it was about the unexpected %SYSTEM-F-NOLOGNAM. The explanation given triggered some tests and examples shown for Linux and VMS, which included the exit codes.
From a perl viewpoint, I just expect one perl script to print the very same output no matter where it runs, especially as there is no OS specific code in the script.
As far as I understand, %ENV is or behaves like a perl hash. That is, 'defined $ENV{X}' can be false and that is expected. But looking up a hash value should not cause any side effect. On VMS it does, so from my point of view the implementation of %ENV on VMS is incomplete, incorrect or broken.
John