The first step in the hydrogen doublet fusion process is the formation of one or more atoms of 2He.
Helium-2 or 2He, also known as a diproton, is an extremely unstable isotope of helium that consists of two protons without any neutrons. According to theoretical calculations it would have been much more stable (although still beta decaying to deuterium) had the strong force been 2% greater. Its instability is due to spin-spin interactions in the nuclear force, and the Pauli exclusion principle, which forces the two protons to have anti-aligned spins and gives the diproton a negative binding energy. By the way, the ash produced by the LENR reaction will have a non zero nuclear spin such as lithium, boron, and beryllium. This is due to the fact that the ash is at the end of the LENR reaction chain. By the way, all the isotopes of copper have a non zero nuclear spin. On Mon, Sep 22, 2014 at 10:11 AM, Jones Beene <[email protected]> wrote: > Hydrogen molecules are shown to be slightly diamagnetic no matter which > alignment they are in. Since protons are fermions, the anti-symmetry of the > wavefunction imposes restrictions on the rotational states - with the > result that the molecule is always diamagnetic. > > > > Consequently, ortho/para alignment would be irrelevant or > counter-productive to a fusion process with a heavy metal like nickel, > since it implies three body. Three-body processes are extremely rare, even > in plasmas, and H2 as a molecule would not be involved as a reactant in > LENR, unless one is talking about Storms’ reaction of two protons fusing to > deuterium, for which there is no physical evidence. If this reaction was > happening, tritium would be expected, since its formation has a much higher > cross-section than two protons. > > > > As a monatomic species, there would be no relic of the prior spin > alignment of hydrogen, in fusion with nickel. However, some or most of the > energy of LENR could be non-fusion related. In that case, ortho/para > cycling could be relevant > > > > > > *From:* Axil Axil > > > > Molecular hydrogen occurs in two isomeric forms, one with its two proton > spins aligned parallel (orthohydrogen), the other with its two proton spins > aligned antiparallel (parahydrogen). At room temperature and thermal > equilibrium, hydrogen consists of approximately 75% orthohydrogen and 25% . > > > > Orthohydrogen hydrogen has non zero spin, this is bad for Ni/H LENR > because the non zero spin wastes magnetic energy by producing RF radiation. > Parahydrogen hydrogen has zero spin. This is good for Ni/H LENR > because this type of hydrogen is magnetically inactive. > > > > This is a way to increase parahydrogen hydrogen by using a noble metal > catalyst. > > > > see > > > > Catalytic process for ortho-para hydrogen conversion > > > > http://www.google.com/patents/US3383176 > > > > Could this metallic ruthenium and certain ruthenium alloys be Rossi's > secret sauce? > > > > >
