It seems that the popular LENR catalyst acts like a superconductor for protons where protons pair up into a cooper pair.
See *http://arxiv.org/pdf/0807.1386.pdf* <http://arxiv.org/pdf/0807.1386.pdf> This work emphasizes that atoms in the crystal-field of KHCO3 are not individual particles possessing properties on their own right. They merge into macroscopic states and exhibit all features of quantum mechanics: nonlocality, entanglement, spin- symmetry, superposition and interferences. There is every reason to suppose that similar quantum effects should occur in many hydrogen bonded crystals undergoing structural phase transitions. I understand spin- symmetry is a zero spin. This catalyst provide a proton dimer of zero spin to the reaction. This is the reason why this catalyst enhances electrolytic LENR. On Mon, Sep 22, 2014 at 11:28 AM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > The first step in the hydrogen doublet fusion process is the formation of > one or more atoms of 2He. > > Helium-2 or 2He, also known as a diproton, is an extremely unstable > isotope of helium that consists of two protons without any neutrons. > According to theoretical calculations it would have been much more stable > (although still beta decaying to deuterium) had the strong force been 2% > greater. Its instability is due to spin-spin interactions in the nuclear > force, and the Pauli exclusion principle, which forces the two protons to > have anti-aligned spins and gives the diproton a negative binding energy. > > By the way, the ash produced by the LENR reaction will have a non zero > nuclear spin such as lithium, boron, and beryllium. This is due to the fact > that the ash is at the end of the LENR reaction chain. > > By the way, all the isotopes of copper have a non zero nuclear spin. > > On Mon, Sep 22, 2014 at 10:11 AM, Jones Beene <[email protected]> wrote: > >> Hydrogen molecules are shown to be slightly diamagnetic no matter which >> alignment they are in. Since protons are fermions, the anti-symmetry of the >> wavefunction imposes restrictions on the rotational states - with the >> result that the molecule is always diamagnetic. >> >> >> >> Consequently, ortho/para alignment would be irrelevant or >> counter-productive to a fusion process with a heavy metal like nickel, >> since it implies three body. Three-body processes are extremely rare, even >> in plasmas, and H2 as a molecule would not be involved as a reactant in >> LENR, unless one is talking about Storms’ reaction of two protons fusing to >> deuterium, for which there is no physical evidence. If this reaction was >> happening, tritium would be expected, since its formation has a much higher >> cross-section than two protons. >> >> >> >> As a monatomic species, there would be no relic of the prior spin >> alignment of hydrogen, in fusion with nickel. However, some or most of the >> energy of LENR could be non-fusion related. In that case, ortho/para >> cycling could be relevant >> >> >> >> >> >> *From:* Axil Axil >> >> >> >> Molecular hydrogen occurs in two isomeric forms, one with its two proton >> spins aligned parallel (orthohydrogen), the other with its two proton spins >> aligned antiparallel (parahydrogen). At room temperature and thermal >> equilibrium, hydrogen consists of approximately 75% orthohydrogen and 25% . >> >> >> >> Orthohydrogen hydrogen has non zero spin, this is bad for Ni/H LENR >> because the non zero spin wastes magnetic energy by producing RF radiation. >> Parahydrogen hydrogen has zero spin. This is good for Ni/H LENR >> because this type of hydrogen is magnetically inactive. >> >> >> >> This is a way to increase parahydrogen hydrogen by using a noble metal >> catalyst. >> >> >> >> see >> >> >> >> Catalytic process for ortho-para hydrogen conversion >> >> >> >> http://www.google.com/patents/US3383176 >> >> >> >> Could this metallic ruthenium and certain ruthenium alloys be Rossi's >> secret sauce? >> >> >> >> >> > >
