Hi all... I'm new to the cold fusion field but just glanced at a good primer by Ed Storms http://www.lenr-canr.org/StudentsGuide.htm Just a few questions I have... Is palladium as an electrode essential for cold fusion experiments? What about the possibility of producing water that has palladium colloids, or minute deposits of palladium made as colloidal palladium water by high voltage arc methods? I've been into the silver colloidal water thing for a couple of years and just made a couple of batches to get over a cold. Silver has amazing germicidal qualities and is non toxic for drinking purposes. I understand that silver is the only metal that will easily produce colloids by simply sending a direct DC current through water using pure silver electrodes, and it is very reactive, but by keeping the current under one milliamp between electrodes, the preferable smaller colloids are produced without excessive black deposits of silver oxide(?) forming on the positive terminal. I am told that it is the positive terminal that outputs the metal into the water as a colloid.( For low voltage DC regimens) In later experiments for other purposes I wanted to made a water that would be slightly magnetic, so I tried the same low voltage DC technique with magnetic Canadian coins of nickel. This did not work, and I was informed then that only silver will work with that DC low voltage method, and for production of other colloidal waters, high voltage arcing methods must be used. Typically an AC neon transformer is used to produce an underwater arcing between electrodes from what I understand. Now I have become interested in making some gold colloidal water, which uses are questionable for ingestion, but it is said to be useful for mental clarity. I have these huge induction coils that produce a very good DC induction arc so I wish to employ that method of arcing to produce the gold colloids. Since I am going to try doing this, it also occured to me that it might be useful to produce some palladium colloidal water for electrolysis experiments. I tried this with silver water, but all it did was gradually make silver deposits on the electrodes, and precipitated black deposits taken out of the solution at the bottom of the water; and the gold color of the solution gradually diminished, implying the the DC potential difference of electrodes has taken the silver colloids out of the solution, also implying that it must be a predominantly ionic colloidal deposit made by that low voltage method. If the same thing were to occur with a palladium colloidal solution; would this not be a method to "electroplate" a small amount of palladium of the electrodes themselves, if they were not themselves palladium? Might this not be useful for producing electrodes with a small amount of palladium imbedded into them? Palladium sheet itself seems to be fairly expensive, probably a hundred dollars for a couple of square inches at best. But I noticed I could obtain a foot of wire for the same cost at Surepure Chemetals http://www.surepure.com/products.php?ID=1&subCat=10
Dont know if it would be worth my while to try making a palladium colloidal solution, or whether if it is even possible, as my chemistry knowledge is null. It probably has a lot to do with valences of metal atoms, and whether they can be reactive enough to produce colloids, I dont know, but I thought I would throw out the idea to vortex list to see if I get any comments on this from others far more knowledgable on the subject. Following is a post to a gold colloidal list; [EMAIL PROTECTED] : describing my proposed DC induction arc methoid for producing colloids... The way I will first try this is unconventional. I plan to instead use a DC induction arc. If this fails I have NST's at my disposal. I am open to any comments on the issue of DC vs AC. In my early experimentation with the ordinary methods of making silver colloidal water with troy once bars immersed in distilled water, I tried AC with that method and obtained no results, DC is essential in that process, but I understand that high voltage AC with an arcing process also produces good results. This induction arc method may be beyond the scope of most experimentors because of the size of the inductors needed to procure a decent induction arc, but I will also make a suggestion for those wishing to pursue the matter, but first I should determine whether it will work. It is my belief that air core inductors should produce the best induction arc. The induction arc is actually a high voltage method although relatively low DC voltages can be inputed into the coil. Many years ago I built an unconventional copper magnetic motor somewhat based on the Newman machine. I used 4 huge coils of copper wire to do this. The primary problem with the machine construction wise was that horrendous induction arcs occured on the commutator when the polarity of the coils was shut down so it could be reversed. The rotating commutator actually encouraged this induction arc formation. This was because when the DC circuit is broken, the faster the speed of the breaking contacts, the higher the voltage that is generated on the induction arc. The coils I used were massive, some 9 miles of 23 gauge wire on a spool weighing 80 lbs, having 1000 ohms and 60 henry inductance. 440 AC from a step up transformer can be safely rectified to DC and passed through the 1000 ohm coils. One can easily procure a steady arc of 1/8 inch by just breaking the connection and gradually moving the break apart. However if one makes a break with great speed of separation, arcs longer then 1/8 inch result. The greater the effort to break the connection on the DC current, the faster the magnetic field collapses on itself, and this is the mechanism that creates a higher voltage then what the source is inputing. These DC induction arcs are very self sustaining, and actually probably represent an AC riding on the DC signal at presumably a high frequency. This superior continuity of the arc is the reason I wish to try DC, instead of AC high voltage for the arc, since apparently the method for making colloids at high voltage involves passing the arc through water, and keeping an arc going through water is a difficult proposition I would imagine. Perhaps some others more experienced on this matter can make a comment on whether they have difficulties on keeping an underwater arc going. As I have indicated, the more one tries to break the induction arc, the faster the magnetic field collapses on itself, and the higher the self generated voltage obtained form the collapsing magnetic field. Whether in fact the magnetic field collapses in a miniscule amount of time, and then reasserts itself in space by the field again expanding should be determined by scopings of an adjacent inductor over the coils pole, to see in fact if the suspected frequency of the AC signal riding on the DC can be scoped out. I know from past experience that these induction arcs cause massive radio interference, the process emits an electromagnetic wave. At one time I had accidently produced a singing arc, that emited a sort of high pitched weird musical note, but efforts to reproduce that effect failed. They actually have speakers that produce music from a vibrating arc, so those things are possible, but off topic for this discourse. Since the best induction arc is made with the highest relative motion of electrode breaking, I plan on having the water fall by gravity through the separated electrodes. Thus a moving water sample might achieve the same idea as moving electrodes to make a higher voltage at the induction arc. To accomplish this I will make 5 gallons at a time, placed in a holding container with a spout that leaks the water out 5 gallons per run. It may take many runs to accomplish a batch. I will also see if a cold temperature of the water is beneficial, as electrolysis experiments suggest that a wide variance of conductivity is achieved by temperature differences. The thought that air core inductors might provide a better induction arc is based on the fact that air core inductors have a magnetic field widely distributed in space, thus a higher speed of collapse, thus a higher voltage to enable the induction arc. Although we might achieve the needed high inductance with a ferromagnetic core, the magnetic field is then not widely distributed in space,it is confined to the low reluctance pathway of the metal if the core is close looped as in a transformer core; therefore the speed of the magnetic field collapse should not be as great. As an alternative to the large copper coils, I have a spool of steel tie ribbon, where I have noted that induction arcs can also be obtained from that coil. This is similar to what is used on a loaf of bread, to tie the bag closed at the end. My steel coil is ~ 2 henry @ 1500 ohms, obtained many years ago from factory employment. This may turn out to be a cheaper buy for those wishing to explore the induction arc method. It is thought that perhaps because the inductor wire is steel, this might aid in achieving a higher inductance, but I will try both copper and steel inductors and report back on the feasibility of using steel coils. Sincerely Harvey D Norris ===== Tesla Research Group; Pioneering the Applications of Interphasal Resonances http://groups.yahoo.com/group/teslafy/
