Michael Foster wrote,
"This might seem like a dumb idea, but could such a low work
function heated surface be used to dissociate water vapor? Even
if it isn't O/U, being able to use heat alone to create hydrogen
might be of some value...
First, to get-in the obligatory pun, thermal dissociation of steam
is a hot topic these days, but that does not seem to be where the
best use of this anomaly should be aimed. Excuse in advance the
long post, and partial repeat, but this MAHG is somthing that
should not be pushed aside as just "more of the same."
Some of us got onto this course of inquiry a few years back by
looking into reports of OU in water vapor. Some have even reported
ICEs running on (mostly) water vapor. A half dozen inventors have
"aqua-fuel" type projects, and so on. It seems like anywhere you
have a situation where a proton can go "bare" for a brief time,
you have the groundwork for overunity, due to its one-dimensional
nature.
There are many anomlaies with water and CF is one subset of those,
which may build-on one anomaly with another one. The main problem
for getting above the low quantum-mechanical probabilities of some
of these techniques relates to "reverse economy of scale" plus the
fact that you leave the oxidizier to foul your electrode; or else
you still need some carbon.
But the major point you have picked up on is that an "apparent"
work function anomaly is often found. This goes back to Langmuir.
In the original Langmuir torch, a very high percentage of H2 is
split at around 1 eV, so a low work function cathode is ideal. But
the anomaly itself is probably NOT due to work function *per se,*
but to absorption of a UV photon which brings the total energy up
to around the necessary 4.53 eV.
IOW you are getting about 1.2 eV average in the palsma from the
energy input of electrical current, and then getting the "free"
3.4 eV UV photon added to that to give the necessary 4.53 eV, but
that is only part of the story ... which it turns out... is as
complicated as a Faberge egg.
BTW, just to lighten up this post a bit - In reading over some old
speculative posts of a few years ago, one of them was ended with a
lyric from a Leonard Cohen song, which is now seeming to be
more-and-more applicable - that is, to the quest of finding that
narrow "crack", or asymmetry in the structure of reality on the
small scale, which will allow for overunity in may types of energy
devices.
"Forget your perfect offering
There is a crack in everything
That's how the light gets in"
Very apropos for the MAHG, especially if that light turns out to
be ultraviolet.
The crack is a dimensional asymmetry which exists at the
size-scale known as the Fermi, or femptometer. This is where we
find "raw" mass-energy just as it coalesces into either mass or
energy. We know that the overall prospect of capturing the
annihilation energy of matter-antimatter or "virtual pairs" of
mass-energy is pretty hopeless, because the lifetime in our
3-space is too short, or the cost to manufacture of antimatter too
high, for this to be a viable source of free-energy. And even for
using the longer-lived electron-positron pair, which is ubiquitous
in the Hotson/Dirac view of reality, the prospect of capturing
positrons from the vacuum for long-enough to use them seems
intractable.
But Heisenberg's door may be cracked open just far enough to
admit, not the positron itself but its "wake". i.e. its 6.8 eV
binding energy with its virtual electron. This binding energy is
but a fraction of the positron or electron mass/energy of 512
MeV, or over a GeV if they were to actually annihilate in our
3-space, but still it isn't too shabby, more than what one gets
from hydrogen combustion. The proven Lamb shift could be
indicative of the ongoing reality of this phenomenon i.e. some
degree of spatial "crossover" showing up from the epo field into
our three-space..
If a 6.8 eV binding energy photon, or pair of 3.4 eV photons,
turns out to be the most "natural" gateway to free energy
coherence, then it is a consequence of the epo-ZPE-aether-lattice
"unfreezing" into virtual positronium (Ps), which is then
secondarily and anisotropically disrupted by *charge proximity*
before fading back into Dirac's sea, almost instantaneously, where
it exists as a "frozen" BEC-like structure. Not coincidentally,
this energy is an exact multiple of Mills' 27.2 energy "hole."
The basis of current excitement, the MAHG derives from the work of
Langmuir, the inventor of the hydrogen "torch" as well as being
the author of the most famous derogatory putdown imaginable to
those who seek to harness ZPE, that being the one known far and
wide as "pathological science." Ironically, the Nobel chemist
(1881-1957) was in the habit of giving these cautionary talks on
pathological science, saying "There are cases where there is no
dishonesty involved, but where people are tricked into false
results by a lack of understanding about what human beings can do
to themselves in the way of being led astray by subjective
effects, wishful thinking, or threshold interactions. These are
examples of pathological science."
Apparently, he failed to issue the reciprocal warning for
pathological obedience to institutionalized orthodoxy, and indeed
he may have been so caught up in this "fundamentalist" zeal that
he deliberately overlooked one of the first well-recorded
instances of overunity in science - and in his own work!!!!
What should it be called, "pathological tunnel vision" which is a
trait now shared by the bulk of mainstream physics.
The old anomaly in question involves this thermal dissociation of
hydrogen in an electric arc, and it was discovered by none other
than Irving himself. He noticed that dissociation of H2 in an
electric arc led to a much higher dissociation **rate** than one
might expect on the basis of known thermodynamics. He invented a
cutting torch based on this discovery, which is seldom used today
because of another consideration (hydrogen embitterment of
steel).Here is a picture of the torch.
http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/AtomicH/atomicH.html
You immediately notice that he is using over 300 volts whereas the
MAHG uses less than 6 - thus the suspicion that there is a wide
range of options, but I think not. The OU range is probably a
combination of voltage, current , ion density and ion free path
which is within parameters.
And despite the risk of promoting even more of the dreaded
pathological science (at the expense of old Irv), there is a good
case to be made for OU even in his old device at the way-too-high
voltage. The "textbook" binding energy of the hydrogen molecule
ranges from 4.52 to 4.53 eV. It is not surprising that it is hard
to pin down. If one compares the ratio of the dissociated
molecules to that of non-dissociated molecules in Langmuir's
torch, it turns out that the *effective binding energy* works out
to only a little over 1 eV for a substantial population of the
molecules involved. This is based on the actual temperature and
the actual number of dissociated atoms.
Of course, the distribution is "supposedly" Maxwellian and we are
"supposedly" only looking at that population on Boltzman's tail,
but I don't think so. The population of temporarily free protons
is the key which may be actually larger than the population of
monatomic atoms (as much as a third, depending on assumptions)
and the dissociation energy-deficit is so substantial that a
"gateway" may exist for OU may here based on the intensity of
light output - more so than heat.
Unfortunately, most of Langmuir's old articles like: "The
Dissociation of Hydrogen Into Atoms," Journal of American Chemical
Society 37, 417 (1915) are not available online. On reading it in
the library, you will find it kind of hard to fit into anything
but pathological science. Apologists for this kind of energy
anomaly often use the QM term of "borrowed" to explain it, but
that explanation involves time-reversal which is only slightly
more palatable to orthodoxy than is overunity. The key to OU, as
in high finance is borrowing but repaying with depreciated
capital, so to speak - i.e. borrowing a UV photon and returning an
IR.
The Langmuir torch data, from spectroscopy, can suggests that the
dissociation of the hydrogen molecule occurs with an "outside" or
free-energy input of about 3.4 eV for a substantial percentage of
the hydrogen molecules involved. This is a mass/energy level that
keeps popping up over and over in reported free-energy anomalies,
and it is related to a very real QM phenomenon.
Well, the best explanation for this that I can give at the moment
is that we must assume that in every atom, even those in a BEC,
there is a "medium" that keeps the electrons from collapse into
the nucleus, and it is a gluon-like transfer medium.
If so, in the epo - i.e. positronium it is probably a lepton pair
with a mass/energy of 3.4 eV each which can either annihilate into
a 6.8 eV photon, or preferentially be captured by any free proton,
as a necessary predecessor event to molecular recombination.
AS to how they can "occasionally" show up in plasmas as 13.6,
27.2, 54.4 eV and up fooling the experts (BLP) remember that they
exist in the epo field as a BEC - that is a 1-D or overlapping
unit, and occasionally you will get these higher multiples. I
suspect that is where Mills and company have fallen prey to there
own degree of self-deception.
Jones
