Stephen A. Lawrence wrote:
Edmund Storms wrote:
My belief is that He4 is produced when high concentrations of
deuterium are used, a reaction that is poisoned by H. On the other
hand, normal hydrogen produces transmutation reactions, not He4, and
these reactions have much smaller energy production for each nuclear
event.
So, is it believed that the transmutation events represent fusion of the
1H with either Pd or Ni? As in
1H + Pd -> ??
or, since both Swartz and Patterson used nickel in the cathodes, perhaps
it would more commonly be,
1H + Ni -> ??
Sounds like these might actually be fusion/fission reactions, as in, for
instance,
1H + 58Ni -> 59Cu (half-life 1.36 minutes) --> ???
... uh ... maybe?
The only reaction that has been demonstrated is the addition of H to
whatever is in the electrolyte. If K is present it goes to Ca. The
basic lattice does not seem to change. This is like the Iwamura method
except only 1 H is added, at least that is what has been reported.
Ed
Therefore, it is harder to get much heat out of a cell containing
normal hydrogen because the event rate must be much higher than when
He4 is made. The event rate can only be increased by increasing the
amount of NAE present, which is presently difficult to do.
Regards,
Ed
Stephen A. Lawrence wrote:
The recent mentions of the Patterson cells got me wondering about this.
As I understand it, the current theories of CF, such as they are, are
largely in agreement that CF happens between deuterium atoms, and
just deuterium atoms. In one form or another the overall path is
2H + 2H -> 4He
I've also read ... someplace ... that the presence of "light water"
may even _poison_ the reaction in some way.
BUT ... the Patterson cell used light water. A quick search on
Lenr-Canr also turns up a replication of some Patterson results by
Longchampt et al back in 1998, which provides a bit of evidence that
it wasn't just craziness on Patterson's part that made him see those
results.
Mitch Swartz also worked with light water and a nickel electrode for
quite a while. A search of lenr-canr (that site which "censors" him
-- ho, hum) turns up bunches of references to his work showing excess
heat in those cells. Even if one doesn't entirely trust Swartz,
there's also a reference to a collaboration between Swartz and
Hagelstein showing the same thing (why is this reference only showing
up in French? whatever, at least it's not in Japanese, then I'd
really be lost...). I didn't see the paper itself, just a brief
mention in the report on ICCF9 from Jean Paul Biberian:
• Swartz et Hagelstein ont montré que l’électrolyse du nickel en eau
légère produisait un excès de chaleur de 50%, mais un rajout de 15%
d’eau lourde améliorait encore les rendements.
In other words, Swartz & Hagelstein showed that electrolysis using a
nickel electrode and light water produced 50% excess heat, _but_ an
addition of 15% heavy water increased the output.
So, what's the reaction path? What's happening in an electrolytic
cell showing excess heat with just 1H, no 2H, and what's the end
product? Do any current CF theories cover this?
Anybody got any guesses?
