In reply to [email protected]'s message of Wed, 21 Jun 2017 02:17:00 +0000: Hi,
Not to mention that Hg should be a Mills catalyst...reason for the old Indian tales of mercury powered flying machines perhaps? ;) >Alan > > > 1. A reduction process of the powers to get rid of Oxides would be > desirable IMHO. > > > 1. Separation of the particles during milling is warranted. Liquid > Nitrogen will work but complicates the milling ops. > > > > 1. For room temperature milling or a bit higher temperature a bit of Hg > (liquid or vapor) in a trial run may cause better mixing and actually result > in an amalgam type bonding between silver and nickel. It could also change > the LENR potential by modifying magnetic response and resonances. > > >Good luck, > >Bob Cook > > > > > > > > > > > >Sent from Mail<https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=550986> for Windows 10 > >From: AlanG<mailto:[email protected]> >Sent: Monday, June 19, 2017 5:19 PM >To: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> >Subject: Re: [Vo]:"Type A nickel" ? > >Nickel and Silver are mutually insoluble (or only with great difficulty) as >has been pointed out. Following Jones' original post, I'm preparing a simple >experiment to test "mechanical alloying". I will ball-mill ~2 um powders of >the two metals for several hundred hours, using 3/8" tungsten carbide balls >for media. SEM/EDS will be used to examine the resulting mixture. > >If the results appear to be successful, a further test will be done by >exposing the amalgam to flowing hydrogen at various temperatures, looking for >radiation as a signature of nuclear activity. Advice and suggestions for this >test are welcome. > >AlanG >On 6/19/2017 7:46 PM, >[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> wrote: >Jones and Bob > >Bob is correct rfegarding terminology for alloys. An alloy has an ionic bond >between metallic nuclei as I understand. But those bonds may only occur at >grain boundaries with individual grains of the quasi-alloy being in bulk one >or the other metallic element. > >However the smaller the grains, the more ionic bi-metallic alloy you get. > >With this concept in mind starting a manufacturing process for Ni-Ag alloy >would use nano sized metallic particles and proiceed to obtain a homogeneous >mixture of the two metals, evacuate the mixture and hot press the mixture with >various sintering times to allow a variety of heats and LENR properties. > >Homogeneous mixing is the key. Cryogenic conditions using a liquid gas such >as nitrogen or helium may help avoid clumping of like metal particles during >mixing. Jones suggestion of a rapid ball milling procedure (with an inert >cryogenic fluid) may work well. Maybe merely a tumbling mixing would work. >However, I would guess that ball milling would further attrite the Ni and or >Ag nano-particles and assure good mixing. > >The N or helium should coat each particle with atoms to avoid clumping. When >the fluid mixture is poured in to a hot press mold evacuated and hot pressed, >the individual Ni and Ag particles should remain well mixed as the N gas (or >other gas) evaporates from its position around reach individual particle. >Boundary exchange of particle nuclei may then occur at temperature. > >An interesting alternative would be to use liquid H with precautions to handle >a reaction should LENR conditions be right. This may result in a bi-metallic >hydride ripe for LENR with correct resonant stimulation and ambient magnetic >conditions. > >SAFETY IS A CRITICAL CONSIDERATION IMHO. > >Bob Cook > > >Sent from Mail<https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=550986> for Windows 10 > >From: Bob Higgins<mailto:[email protected]> >Sent: Monday, June 19, 2017 7:41 AM >To: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> >Subject: [Vo]:"Type A nickel" ? > >Jones, As you have discussed, the Type A Pd that appears to be LENR active is >an actual alloy. In an alloy you expect an atomic level crystal lattice >alteration - the lattice constants of the alloy are uniform and different than >with Pd alone. However, what you describe as a "mechanical alloy" is unlikely >to be anything other than an admixture of grains of Ag with grains of Ni. An >"alloy" and a "mechanical alloy" are two vastly different things. It is sort >of like the nickel silver not having any silver - the mechanical alloy has no >alloy. >True alloying would alter the lattice constants by creating a new crystal >structure incorporating the alloy metal at the basic atomic crystallographic >level; hopefully in a way that allows more H to enter the lattice. Also, >forming a true alloy would potentially lower the vacancy formation energy of >the Ni; which, in some theories would raise the LENR rate. OTOH, if a >"mechanical alloy" is formed, the only difference achieved will be creation of >dirty grain boundaries between solid grains of Ni and Ag. It is possible that >effects could occur at such grain boundaries, so it can't hurt to try. It is >just hard to envision what would promote LENR by creating a "mechanical alloy". > >On Sun, Jun 18, 2017 at 6:10 PM, Jones Beene ><[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: > >One further detail about the possible advantage of using silver alloyed with >nickel in LENR, instead of pure nickel - with hydrogen as the gaseous >reactant, instead of deuterium. > >If this were to work for LENR gain, the identity of the nuclear reaction is >not the same. Obviously, such an alloy as Ni-Ag (assuming it is made via >mechanical alloying)... would be unlikely to produce helium from fusion, as >happens in Pd-D... since there is no deuterium (although a alpha emission >following proton nuclear tunneling is not ruled out.) But there is an ideal >alternative reaction. > >First - a detail which you may not be aware of is the composition of control >rods in nuclear fission reactors going back 50 years. As it turns out - silver >has been commonly used as an alloy in control rods, along with boron. Part of >the explanation is here but there is more to it than meets the eye. Silver is >like a magnet for neutrons more so than any other element across the entire >spectrum. > >http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2011/ph241/grayson1/ > >In short, silver has a high cross section for neutrons of all energies whereas >boron and cadmium and other absorbents generally work with neutrons of a >narrow energy range. Silver wants them all and this could imply more, if Ag >works with nickel. > >But where are the neutrons to being with? - oops - there are none, or so it >seems. > >But lets broaden this suggestion to include Holmlid's results. Holmlid shows >that UDH can be made simply by flowing hydrogen over a catalyst. If so then we >could end up with a neutron substitute, which is the so-called "quasi-neutron". > >This presumed particle is larger than a neutron, but otherwise could be a >substitute. This quasi-neutron could also be what Widom and Larsen are >claiming as an active particle of LENR. > >The crux of the issue is this. Silver has a high cross-section for neutrons of >all energies and the quasi neutron could also favor silver - but this is not >proved. If it happens, the energy of the gamma should be less, since the >mass-energy of UDH is less. Also the half-life following activation is very >short and there is little or no residual radioactivity. > >Jones > > >Much has been said about Type A palladium and its special reactivity with >hydrogen, some of which is due to the alloy being one fourth silver. Since >pure palladium doesn't work as well, it might be said that most of the >reactivity seen in cold fusion has been due to the special properties of the >alloy, which is a 3:1 ratio (75% Pd 25% Ag). > >In many ways, nickel can be considered to be a surrogate of palladium. Nickel >resides directly under Pd in the Periodic table, and has an identical valence >electron structure. This leads one to wonder about an alloy of nickel and >silver, based on transposing the results of cold fusion to protium, instead of >deuterium. > >Unfortunately, in the historical context - and going back 300 years in >metallurgy, the term "nickel silver" refers to a well known alloy of copper, >nickel and zinc which contains zero silver. Essentially, nickel silver is a >brass alloy that looks like much like the more expensive silver and is much >stronger and more durable - making it a great substitute for most common uses. > >This old alloy was created to serve exactly the same purpose as silver for >attractive shinny flatware but not as prohibitively expensive - about 20 times >less expensive per unit of weight than silver. This semantic confusion did not >lead to neglect of finding a real alloy of nickel and silver since these two >metals are indeed mutually insoluble. They do not mix. That kind of >insolubility is somewhat unusual in itself for metals so similar - but >basically the two metals do NOT alloy by melting together as is commonly done. > >However, this proposed LENR alloy which I will call "Type A Nickel" in the 3:1 >ratio has been studied in another context - and found to have exceptional >properties for water splitting. To accomplish this they had to go to >extraordinary lengths to achieve an alloy. There are very few papers on this >because of the lack of a commercial alloy which can be purchased. > >BUT ... there is a strong suspicion that "Type A Nickel" could be special for >replacing pure nickel in LENR. This assumes that silver is reactive in its own >right for a nuclear reaction, such as in the protonation reaction Robin >mentioned in another thread. > >BTW - In the paper "Nickelsilver alloy electrocatalysts for hydrogen >evolution and oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte" Tang and others showed >that the NiAg alloy is an excellent catalyst for the hydrogen evolution >reaction. Based on the free energy of adsorbed hydrogen, theory predicts that >alloys of nickel and silver are very active for these type of hydride >reactions and they are. The alloy is just hard to make or else you would have >heard about it before now. > >Basically - the Type A Nickel could work better for NiH reactions than nickel, >since it is twice as reactive for water splitting (as defined in their test) >which needs to be proven out. This testing has been neglected in the past - >due to the lack of electrodes... for which there is a work-around. That is >what I propose to add: an easy work around at least for some experiments. > >My suggestion to anyone contemplating a gas phase reaction is to try mixing >nickel-black and silver-black in a high speed ball mill, in a ratio of 3:1 --- >where mechanical alloying is expected. Then, use this composite powder instead >of nickel. Mechanical alloying is special in its own way and could add >something akin to surface treatment. > >Electrolysis reactions would be more difficult to accomplish with powder - and >since this proposed work-around for silver/nickel insolubility involves metal >powders and mechanical alloying a different geometry would be needed for the >cell. However, powder has been used for electrolysis electrodes before (as a >colloid) - and it could be worth the effort. > > > > > > > > >[https://ipmcdn.avast.com/images/icons/icon-envelope-tick-green-avg-v1.png]<http://www.avg.com/email-signature?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient> > >Virus-free. >www.avg.com<http://www.avg.com/email-signature?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient> > > Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
