Any magnetic dipole parameter (whether its a nuclear or electronic parameter) will facilitate coupling of the magnetic properties by a magnetic field. This is the case in common NMR machines working to modify nuclear spin energy states from a stable state to a meta-stable state and hence back to the stable state. Variable magnetic fields are applied to the magnetic substance of interest by a radio wave source or other controlled EM wave source at a well controlled frequency to allow coupling.
Also one should keep in mind the phonic properties of electronic states that do occur in any crystal like the single crystal (a coherent substance) found in nano-particles of many substances. Thus an EM wave of appropriate frequency can couple (give up or absorb) both electric and magnetic energy to nuclear species and electrons in the same nano-particle (coherent system) IMHO. Designing a nano -particle with electronic energy states equal to nuclear energy states (either meta stable or stable) is the crux of LENR reactor design. The difference from NMR phenomena is in the nuclear states of the nuclear transitions. A new nuclear species with a stable or meta stable energy BELOW the unreacted energy state of a specific original nano-particle isotope is the source of energy apparent in LENR. The excess energy resulting from LENR is distributed to the electronic structure (phonic energy states) under specific EM wave frequency stimulation(s). In addition, if charged particles result in a possible nuclear transition to a lower energy state (as in Li-7 transition to Be-8 and its decay to two alphas) phonic electronic transitions are not required to absorb excess energy (kinetic energy) avoiding increased temperature of the nano-particle itself. However the production of any charged particles—electrons, positrons, muons, etc.—may facilitate direct electrical energy generation during LENR with well designed magneto-fluid dynamics apparatus and a plasma of charged particles. The Ni oxides Jones has identified in this thread may add/facilitate coupling by changing magnetic field intensity at the surface of a nano-particle with coupling to the entire electronic structure of the reacting nano-particle. The glassy metals alloys that were discussed here on Vortex-l in the recent past may also improve nano-particle design capabilities by providing super strong nano-particles with robust high temperature crystalline electronic structures with fairly constant phonic energy states when reactions (nuclear transitions) are not too many to cause melting of the nano-particle. In a nutshell the above provides LENR theory and reactor design guidance. Bob Cook \ : Jones Beene<mailto:[email protected]> Sent: Saturday, December 7, 2019 7:42 AM To: vortex<mailto:[email protected]> Subject: [Vo]:Superconductivity in nickel oxide Nickel oxides are interesting in the context of LENR, as are iron oxides. Oxide films are expected on nickel electrodes and this could set the stage for unexpected electromagnetic effects such as the "densification" effect on gaseous hydrogen, which precedes LENR. Here is the new citation for the discovery of (global) superconductivity in NiO https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.4337 Superconductivity - of a local variety as opposed to global - has been long suspected to be involved in LENR in some mysterious way. This suspicion goes back to the discovery of global superconductivity in palladium hydride (at very low temp) and the possibility that paired electrons could shield Coulomb repulsion, or some related M.O. which promotes LENR. This could happen via the densification of hydrogen as described by many researchers, notably Mills and Holmlid. A related effect to local SC is "transient" SC. Local superconductivity would occur in nanoparticles at much higher temperature, where spin currents or excitons predominate. There is also a potential connection between antiferromagnetism and local superconductivity which would indicate that strong antiferromagnetism is actually an expected end result of local superconductivity. The further connection of all of this to LENR would be that nanoparticles of materials which are SC at low temps will - at high temps - show both local superconductivity and strong antiferromagnetism which then operates to densify hydrogen gas as it accumulates on its surface. Here is the older report on using spin current to flip iron-based superconductors between superconducting and non-superconducting states. https://phys.org/news/2017-12-scientists-superconductivity-currents.html It is not difficult to imagine an overlap between a spin current mechanism and strong antiferromagnetism - but I have not been able to find an authoritative paper which makes that claim.
