This is the backbone of "Ultracapacitor-Supercapacitor" Technology.
"Helmholtz envisaged a capacitor-like separation of anionic and cationic charges across the interface of colloidal particles with an electrolyte. For electrode interfaces with an electrolyte solution, this concept was extended to model the separation of "electronic" charges residing at the metal electrode surfaces (manifested as an excess of negative charge densities under negative polarization with respect to the electrolyte solution !
or as a deficiency of electron charge density under positive polarization), depending in each case, on the corresponding potential difference between the electrode and the solution boundary at the electrode. For zero net charge, the corresponding potential is referred to as the "potential of zero charge"."
General:
Plans:
----- Original Message -----From: Frederick SparberTo: vortex-lSent: 5/22/2006 4:16:56 AMSubject: Re: Helmholtz Layer Metal-Water Interface, Joe Cell Etc>> This is in contrast with the 4-circular-concentric-cell "Joe Cell"> (with 1 Megohm-cm water with dissolved CO2)> Total Resistance ~ 10,000 ohms = 1.2 milliamperes at 12 volts DC.> Series Capacitance ~2.8 to ~5.6 nanofarads/cell>Flat projection of the Joe Cell Electrodes:_____________________________________ 6.00 inch dia Anode.________________________________ 5.00inch dia___________________________ 4.00 inch dia_______________________3.00inch dia___________________ 2.0 inch dia CathodeFor the purest that wants to nail down the capacitance:"the capacitance per unit length is defined as"C/L = 2 (pi) K * eo/ ln [b/a]Posted earlier.>> With our cell, adding a very small amount of baking> soda increased the current from 2 milliamperes up> to 21 milliamperes.> Gas yield tests are under way using balloons so that> pressure or vacuum in the electrolysis chamber can be handled.>At 17-19 milliamperes, several hours of electrolysis yielded only smallgas production on the 12- wall plate 2.75 x 4.5 inch (SS each 70 cm^2 spaced 1.0 cm)with 12 volts DC applied to the end plates (11 cells in series).More NaHCO3-water solution was fed to the sealed cell, whichincreased the current to 500 milliamperes. (6 watts at ~ 1.1 volts/cell)The balloon inflated post haste. :-)Total cell resistance 24 ohms, ohms/cell 24/11 = 2.2 ohmsElectrolyte resistivity (rho) = 70 * 2.2 = 153 ohm-cm>> This is in contrast with the 4-circular-concentric-cell "Joe Cell"> (with 1 Megohm-cm water with dissolved CO2)> Total Resistance ~ 10,000 ohms = 1.2 milliamperes at 12 volts DC.> Series Capacitance ~2.8 to ~5.6 nanofarads/cell
