In one of the many mysteries of cyberspace, the post below went
out with its own subject heading, but ended-up as a reply to
another unrelated message with no subject header. Go figure.
Anyway, it has been revised again.
TOWARDS SELF-POWERED LENR
Based on the seemingly reliable experimental work of the following
paper- which might well be the most provocative and well-done of
the newer papers on the lenr-canr.org web-site:
http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MizunoTgeneration.pdf
The clear possibility of self-powered LENR presents itself !
And please - If anyone can voice valid objections towards the
very-important results and findings of this Mizuno experiment -
please do so. Without such, and taking the next logical step
beyond this important experiment (which is assumed to be accurate
until objections are raised) we can investigate the further goal
of a specific redesign - for self-power which will:
1) provide a safe for the safe and sequential explosion of the
large excess of hydrogen gas which is created in the cell
2) provide for the 'in situ' thermoacoustic conversion of that
excess kinetic energy and excess heat into electricity
3) Recirculates that self-generated electricity to power the
cell, so that no external power is used following startup...
4) Once-and-for-all -- irrevocably silence the entrenched
critics of LENR
Only self-power can do that - at least at the highest level of
skepticism. It therefore should becomes an important goal for
every researcher with the ability to do so, in order to achieve
both well-deserved recognition and a massive increase in funding
levels, to work towards the goal of self-power - now that a clear
pathway is presented. The numbers are there!
The key concept behind this particular design proposal is the
Sylphon bellows, which is a strong corrugated metal tube, which
will oscillate at a resonant frequency. Here is an image of a
ruggedized version of what I am talking about:
http://www.wme-inc.com/images/MiscPhotos/ISO63%20Bellows.jpg
Imagine that this resonant oscillating tube, made in Austenitic
stainless steel and fitted with top-and-bottom platens - and an
insulated palladium-plated cathode-stud coming through from a
bottom-platen, and with a top platen adapted to repetitively cycle
a large (many turn) solenoid output coil over the magnetic flux of
a fixed magnet (with or without leverage) such that the output
electricity of the coil is the same 350 volt which is required as
input in the Mizuno paper, cited above. IOW the cell itself
operates as a large self-powered "reverse-loudspeaker".
Ok, we are now set with the proper simplified mental image of what
this device is to look like - but to backtrack a bit:
As mentioned earlier, the low level excess-heat of LENR is tricky
to capitalize-on. If it were easy, every new automobile would have
an add-on system attached to the exhaust manifold, since more net
energy escapes in the exhaust than is generated by the engine.
That is why this proposal is based on the techniques of
thermoacoustics (developed for NASA). If you have ever heard the
roar of an piston engine with the exhaust open (or even "lake
pipes" you can appreciated the power of the kinetic sound wave -
it is deafening). And that sound wave can be converted to
electricity as efficiently as with the ICE.
Probably the best way to accomplish this type of conversion,
pending the advent of the efficient "thermal diode" from ENECO or
somewhere else (always just a few years away) - is a modified
thermoacoustic conversion system, often called the 'acoustic
Stirling' or "reverse loudspeaker'.
This novel sound conversion technique can hit the 25-30%
efficiency level using the Carnot spread of the LENR heat seen in
the Mizuno device, and perhaps higher when the excess hydrogen gas
which is generated (3-1 ratio over Faradic) can be exploded in
sync, in order to enhance sound output of such a redesigned cell.
And the best part of this design is that the electricity generated
by the cell can be tailored to be output and recycled in the exact
same 350 volt and 1 amp range in which it is created so that there
is no need for a large amount of lossy circuitry. Preferably
timing is analog - NOT digital for reasons of efficiency. The
energy generated is then recycled 'in situ' in the integrated
design, so that the CF cell becomes self-powered - requiring
external power only for startup.
But obviously - a noticeable loud sound in not a characteristic of
most prior LENR cells, and few experimenters seem to have realized
that heat flow can be "encouraged" to also provide high audible
sound level, even without the addition of hydrogen-oxygen
explosions. In order to "encourage" the conversion of that kind of
heat into sound, one must provide coherent 'periodicity' to a
properly redesigned cell at the pre-planned resonant frequency.
Because of the large variety of electrical devices operating in
the frequency range of 400-440 hertz, this range will be chosen in
advance for this proposal.
Aircraft design, where 400 Hz is standard, is a series of
compromises since engineers must make tradeoffs to reduce weight
and increase efficiency. The advantage of running an electrical
system at 400+ Hz rather than 60 Hz is that the power supplies are
smaller and lighter. Coincidentally in music, the most widely
accepted convention for the syncing of instruments employs the
frequency of 440 hertz - which is "A" below middle C as the
standard. This is the note you hear when the orchestra is tuning
up or on a piano by striking the 40th key from the right (on that
baby-grand we all have). Many humans can detect the purity of this
note to within 1%, so that is also a factor in choosing this range
for the experiment. It is a characteristic sound of the Oboe,
which
IOW if the goal, known from the start, is to provide high audible
sound levels, this can be accomplished by the simple expedient of
converting the DC power input to a *pulsed DC* at the frequency
range of around 440 hertz, which one has chosen in advance along
with the proper resonant tube length and volume, and tube-wall
'springiness' in order to achieve a precise resonance mode at this
frequency..
IOW you have designed the cell based on a certain geometry as well
as all other relevant electrical considerations, such that the
sound level at the particular frequency will be a function of heat
and kinetic transfer on cycling (not to mention the
'explosiveness' of split hydrogen, when combined with oxygen.).
Mount a high-turn coil solenoid of the "free-end" of the tube,
connect the output with a 440 Hz resonator and relay to ensure a
frequency lock, and then the pulse internally should be the same
set frequency, using the tube itself as anode, and all based on
the acoustics of the bellows in order to oscillate it efficiently
against its fixed permanent magnet,
Now, one is in-business. The pulse output at 350 volts if not
sufficient to ignite the gas in the headspace of the cell alone,
can employ a catalyst in the headspace, like a wire mesh. The tube
itself can be force air-cooled and would benefit from fan-cooling,
as one does not want excessive internal heat to accumulate. The
excess heat and the excess amount of electrolysis gas being
formed, just as in the Mizuno experiment, means that self-power is
not only possible in theory but likely, if those results hold
using pulse power.
The bellows will convert the phonon kinetic energy of that heat
along with the flash kinetic energy of the expanding explosion,
directly from sound into electricity and fairly efficiently -
about 5 times more efficiently than with thermoelectric
conversion. The expense of heavy water is superfluous as this
device works with light water. Nuclear transmutation is seen in
the paper - and the e experimenter has as a resource, a large
amount of heavy water, then that should only add to the
efficiency.
Of course, one cannot have a delicate system of electrode wire
internally, and most likely improvements to provide enhance LENR
reactions would be using a colloidal of Pd-black (although nickel
or titanium-black could be tried first for cost reasons) and
provide a strong central cathode stub, plated with Pd, coming
through the fixed end of the bellows.
It is clear that the original P&F style cell is contraindicated
for this type of thermoacoustic conversion- BUT - that the
Mizuno/Ohmori plasma type light water cell is much more fitting
to use with thermoacoustics. Here is some detail on that type of
cell with similar replication data from another source (Naudin):
http://jlnlabs.imars.com/cfr/html/cfrdatas.htm
Figure 14 of the Mizuno paper above shows the current-efficiency,
and the ratio of O2 gas to the total generation with hydrogen from
the cathode. Here, the current exceeds unity when plasma
electrolysis started; and the gas generation increased as input
voltage rose. It reached 8000% at 350V of input voltage. The
theoretical value of hydrogen generation calculated from Faraday
current was 1144 cc, but the measurement value during plasma
electrolysis was 2190 cc. If we consider only hydrogen generated
during established plasma conditions, the measured value was 1470
cc, the theoretical value is 460, and the excess is 1010 cc. This
is in addition to the neat of nuclear reactions which is
documented.
If this result hold under pulsed-power, as envisioned, then it is
even now(minimally) SUFFICIENT TO SELF-POWER A THEMOACOUSTIC LENR
CELL, folks. No it is not the P&F method. It was a mistake for me
to cast the original proposal in terms of a P&F cell operating in
the range of few watts. That type of cell will not work, as Jed
Rothwell and Ed Storms were quick to point out.
But this might be the Eureka Moment - a cell with clear results
that appear adaptable to self-power - and a possible methodology
for pulling it off !
Regards,
Jones Beene
