The method of applying high electron fugacity to deuterium loaded
cathodes has the objective of creating an energy focusing effect,
forcing co-centered wavefunction collapse, resulting in electron
catalyzed fusion:
D + e- + D -> He + e- + gamma
The objective is to create simultaneously a high deuteron fugacity
and electron fugacity. Fugacity of a particle type in a given
environment is similar to pressure in that it is a measure of the
energy required to add one more such particle to that environment.
It is of interest that as electron density increases, the fugacity of
a given amount of loaded deuterium decreases. Increasing electron
fugacity increases the loading feasible with a given amount of
electrolysis energy, though adding one particle of each increases the
fugacity of both.
The application of extreme fields to the back side of a loaded
cathode is one way to increase electron fugacity. That is to say a
cathode can be loaded catalytically from one side, the electrolyte
side, and yet be a charged to millions of volts at the surface
presented to the vacuum, high pressure dry nitrogen, clear HV oil,
glass, or any convenient highly transparent and insulating medium on
the high voltage side of the cathode. Call this side of the cathode
the cathode HV surface. Accomplishing this in a practical manner
requires formation of a surface layer on the cathode HV surface which
reduces the rate of hydrogen evolution from the HV side. Such a
layer could be an insulating oxide layer thin enough to support
electron tunneling, but not excessive deuterium or helium tunneling,
or might be a non-diffusing metal thin film, like gold or copper.
A high density of electrons at the cathode HV surface and just under
the cathode HV surface increases both the deuterium final density and
diffusion rate throughout the cathode, especially if it is thin. It
also increases the probability of wavefunction collapse due to Stark
effect orbital stressing due to high electric field conditions at the
cathode HV surface and immediate subsurface.
Application of a powerful magnetic field parallel to the cathode
vacuum surface additively stresses the deuteron orbitals there via
the Paschen-Back effect and the formation of non-quantum like Rydberg
orbitals, which, in addition to destabilizing electron waveforms and
reducing the discreteness of normal quantum effects, also increases
the probability of electrons locating within the volume of the
nucleus or experiencing simultaneous wavefunction collapse with and
within it. A strong laser beam nearly parallel to but striking the
cathode HV surface increases the above combined field effects
dramatically.
An alternative arrangement is to orient the powerful magnetic field
as normal to the cathode HV surface interface. In this case a laser
beam oriented normal to the surface will enhance the Paschen-Back and
Rydberg effects, but will not combine with the Stark effect for
maximum mutual effect.
Shown in Fig. 1 is a possible test of concept experiment. The first
step is to deposit a thin layer of gold on a piece of glass, followed
by D-PD co-deposition using a palladium chloride electrolyte. A cell
assembly is fitted to the glass as shown in Fig. 1. This cell-
cathode-glass assembly can be placed or adhered to a thick piece of
insulating material having a high voltage anode placed on the side of
the thick insulator opposed to the cathode back. The thin glass
containing the cathode can be an extended piece so as to admit a
laser beam from the top or bottom, possibly using internal
reflections to achieve multiple uniform hits on the cathode. A
magnetic field can be applied across the cell in an "into the page"
fashion in Fig. 1.
GGGGGGGGGGGG
G G
G G
G G
G G
| + X|G G++
|..+..........X|G G++
| + X|G G++
| + X|G G++
| + X|G G++
---------------|G G
|G G
|G G
|G G
|G G
|GGGGGGGGGGGG
|
Laser
Key:
-| - Thin glass
G - Surface of thick insulator
+ - Low voltage electrolysis anode
X - Thin film CF cathode at ground potential
++ - High voltage anode
.. - Electrolyte level
Fig. 1 - High electron fugacity experiment
An interesting variation is to make the cell high voltage negative,
floating the electrolysis power supply, and making the anode "++" in
Fig. 1 ground.
It seems a bit of a kluge, but it is a start.
Horace Heffner
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
