In reply to Nabil Lawandy's message of Tue, 6 Jul 2010 09:32:21 -0400: Dear Professor,
>Hello Robin, > >Thank you for reading the paper. I am not sure I understand your question?..I >am guessing you are talking about a situation where there is heavy water ? Not necessarily water. >...the paper I wrote is based on stripped D nuclei or other bare charges on a >surface. In the case of a metal particle for example, the surface charge >within the metal ( corresponding to the image charge ) along with the actual >real charges above the surface cancel to produce a zero field in the metal. If I understood your paper correctly then the concentration effect would only work when the ratio of the permittivities > 3 or < -1. Could the latter be true for a metal at zero frequency (I have no idea)? I thought the former was only possible for insulators. >The only breakdown that could be envisioned is that electrons are stripped >from the metal to bind with D nuclei and form atomic species. This is what I was talking about, however I was under the impression that the operative material would be an insulator, not a metal. For a metal, I would see this happening almost instantly, immediately destroying the charge concentration, because the neutral species would be free to simply leave the area with normal thermal energies. (Most metals have a lower electronegativity than Hydrogen). Furthermore, as ions were neutralized the positive charge on the metal would increase (due to remaining positive metal ions in the metal), resulting in the metal as a whole repelling other positive charges (H/D ions). If this is compensated for by supplying electrons to the metal electrically (i.e. the metal is a cathode), then there is a continuous supply of electrons to neutralize the ions and we have normal electrolysis. As I see it, only with an insulator can ions build up on the surface, however in that case the concentration is limited by the ability of the material to withstand the electric field that exists between the surface ions and the electrons in the material. This is the same field that binds the ions to the surface. If the ion concentration gets too high, then the local field strength will cause the dielectric to break down, and a local plasma (spark) would form in the material shorting out the field. This is what happens in any capacitor when the voltage limit of the device is exceeded. So the question then becomes, can a reasonable fusion rate be achieved before dielectric breakdown occurs? > >Just as a point of clarification, this paper is not meant to explain "cold >fusion" or LENR. It is meant as another approach to catalyzing fusion >reactions. It may be however that the classical physics described here may >have implications for explaining what is going on in the these experiments. IOW you don't want to be tarred with the CF brush. ;) BTW there was a Russian claim about excess energy when a fluid is forced at high pressure through a tiny hole in an insulator. It's items 216 & 226 on Ludwik Kowalski's web site (http://csam.montclair.edu/~kowalski/cf/). It seems to me that the friction between the two insulators (very pure water & the material with the hole in it) might generate a large number of ions on the surface of the material with the hole in it, so that may constitute experimental evidence to support your theory. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/Project.html
