The Efimov State, or Effect, goes back to1970 and has recently been in the
News. The Efimov effect refers to a scenario in which three bosons interact
as a unit - as a Borromean ring, and for that reason it may have strong
relevance to LENR if it also turns out that there exists a Quasi-BEC aspect
to the Rossi reaction. There is a cross-connection of Efimov to spillover,
which will be included later. I'm introducing the general Efimov effect now
in a revised formative hypothesis - which awaits confirmation of anomalous
isotopes of copper being found in the reactor ash.
A QBEC (quasi-BEC) has a short transitory lifetime at elevated temperature
in the condensed state; but it is a useful lifetime as a boson, since it
does not have to travel far in order interact. The probability of formation
could be enhanced by Qubits, but that is another facet of the statistics,
and is a work-in-process: having similar names is a start. As with all QM
reactions, the problem is to enhance the probability to a useful level.
In truth, a version of the P-e-P reaction as the main energy source is
easier to imagine (resulting in deuterium), but since there is substantial
copper, as Rossi indicates, then we must tailor the explanation to follow
the experimental findings. That copper is not yet confirmed as being of
nuclear origin, but this does not prevent us from assuming that it will be,
instead of hoping that there is something else which is easier to explain.
Importantly, a similar QM phenomena to Efimov is observed in halo-nuclei.
(Halo nuclei could be seen as special Efimov states). In fact, if nickel is
ever shown to have a halo nucleus, then the decay to copper "fits like a
glove" and would be the one piece of needed evidence which will instantly
convert all of this wild speculation into a viable if not strong hypothesis
('halo-nuclei' is a new field, so there is hope that nickel will be
included):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_nucleus
Efimov predicts a series of excited three-body energy levels when two-body
states are exactly at the dissociation threshold. For this to fit the Rossi
experiment, we need many cavities or interstitial spaces which are filled
with three unbound hydrogen atoms, which is the composite boson. These three
bound atoms are always at a dissociation threshold because they "want" to
form H2 molecules instead, but the confinement conditions do not allow it.
Single H is arguably the only boson in nature which can be stable at
elevated temperature, since the statistics of having only two fermions (to
match) make the statistics remotely possible, in the sense of fermions being
able to condense, after going bosonic "on occasion".
In a previous post, it was suggest that randomly selected protons could be
accelerated from moderately cold to very hot without most of the rest
getting appreciably hotter. An Efimov state will dispense with the need for
hot hydrogen entirely. But as before, "pycno" clusters of dense hydrogen are
needed, and each cluster consists of three bound hydrogen atoms, created by
the spillover effect, which oscillate between the fermionic and bosonic
identities in a transitory fashion inside a cavity. The pycno probably
requires confinement, and its formation could be related to the Casimir
effect.
Most of the time, 99.999+ percent of the time, the identity of the hydrogen
trio is fermionic, but every once in a while everything aligns as a
transitory composite boson and they condenses momentarily. This condensation
process can be described as deflation - so there is another aspect to it.
While still condensed, the boson occasionally migrates to a nickel nucleus
and forms a halo. The Borromean boson is neutral and only need to move
angstrom distance to do this. The lifetime of the halo is also short. On
decay, the nickel will occasionally go to copper and the other two hydrogen
atoms go to molecular H2, and carry away most of the heat with some
secondary radioactivity based on the acceleration gradient.
To be continued . (hopefully with clearer wording) after the Monday
announcement.
Jones
Is an emergent new "copper age" the same as "Back to the Future" ?
