Hello I am quite surprised that Essén and Kullander made few big blunders while performing experiment:
Experimental test of a mini-Rossi device at the Leonardocorp, Bologna 29 March 2011. http://www.nyteknik.se/incoming/article3144960.ece/BINARY/Download+the+report+by+Kullander+and+Ess%C3%A9n+%28pdf%29. First and foremost, they failed to calibrate the thermometer. Second they assumed that pressure inside E-Cat is exactly the same as ambient pressure, what is ridiculous assumption. Due to these blunders, their measurements were meaningless. However, there is one useful information in that March experiment, what has been ignored. They observed that E-Cat heated water for the first 9 min with 350W electric power to 60°C and after that power increased and temperature went in 4 min to 97.5°C. We know that water inflow was 6.48 kg/h and therefore if we assume that heating and water pump were initialized at the same moment, we can roughly calculate that total power of E-Cat was around 1000-1500 watts, because E-Cat contained 1.6-1.8 kg water and the thermal mass of metals is low. If we assume this to be constant, it suits very well with Mats Lewan's observation that he observed around 2 kW and temperature anomaly was 100.5°C. Where as E&K observed temperature anomaly of 100.1-100.2°C. Therefore it is necessary that Mats Lewan's E-Cat was operating with higher power output than E&K's E-Cat. Also January E-Cat produced 101.5°C steam, but there power output and thus pressure, was considerably more. Perhaps something like 6-12 kW. February test, however confirmed that E-Cat is really able to perform with high power output, but it is just matter of regulation. It is surprising to see that E&K made such a vulgar mistake that they failed to calibrate the thermometer and assumed that boiling point of water is 100.0°C! As they correctly measured the wetness of the steam to be 1,2%, this is just impossible result without increased pressure inside E-Cat, because there is no such thing as superheated wet steam. Therefore March's E-Cat was working with total output power around 1200W±200W and water was just overflowing. —Jouni PS. Here is my explanation and working theory how E-Cat is functioning: ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Jouni Valkonen <[email protected]> Date: 2011/7/20 Subject: Re: [Vo]:Uppsala University Denies Rossi Research Agreement To: [email protected] Abd ul-Rahman wrote: "My conclusion is that there is very likely *some* overflow water, but it might be small. I have no way of telling how much there is, the demonstrations were not set up to make it possible to tell." This is probably correct analysis. I think that this is possible to calculate fairly accurately, if we know the diameter of opening for the hose. As boiling point of water inside E-Cat is what is measured with the probe, then we can deduce the pressure inside E-Cat, because steam pressure contributes mostly for total pressure, because backpressure in the hose is essentially zero due to gravitational downhill (at least with Lewan's E-Cat where water went to the blue bucket at the floor.) We need some 600 wats for heating water inflow to boiling point. Then we can calculate how much power we need to increase pressure inside E-Cat to explain elevated boiling point. My gut feeling says that we need extra power some kilowatts, so there is clearly extra heat present. This clearly falsifies Krivit's criticism by one order of magnitude as he assumes that there is just few hundred wats for generating steam and elevating the pressure. To confirm this hypothesis on E-Cat, we should have strong correlation between alleged power output and measured boiling point (we have the same hose in all demonstrations). That is, because pressure is directly proportional to amount of generated steam. Overall, I think that Rossi has adjusted the water inflow such a way that more than 60% of water goes through phase change. Here I again refer to Lewan's famous blue bucket and estimation that condensation is quite significant, because steam keeps water in the bucket at 99.9°C for a 3 hours, so lots of cooling will occur there during the test. —Jouni
