In his paper, The Myth of the Photon, he states:
“… With this condition the Rydberg atom may be treated as a macroscopic system - it is bigger than a protein molecule - and the inequalities for such systems, deduced by Leggett and Garg(31) (also called temporal Bell inequalities) should apply.” -Mark From: Mark Iverson-ZeroPoint [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Thursday, December 01, 2011 11:48 PM To: [email protected] Subject: RE: [Vo]: Spontaneous parametric up/dn-conversion... Browsing thru more papers by TMarshall, I find the one below… http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9711046 Note the last line, “We conclude that misuse of the Photon Concept has resulted in a mistaken recognition of ‘nonlocal’ phenomena.” And this one sounds like a good one… Are atoms waves or particles? Abstract It is shown that the Kapitza-Dirac effect with atoms, which has been considered to be evidence for their wavelike character, can be interpreted as a scattering of point-like objects by the periodic laser field. -mark --------------------------------------- The myth of the photon Trevor W. Marshall, Emilio Santos (Mathematics Dept., Manchester Univ. and Univ. de Cantabria) Abstract We have shown that all "single-photon" and "photon-pair" states, produced in atomic transitions, and in parametric down conversion by nonlinear optical crystals, may be represented by positive Wigner densities of the relevant sets of mode amplitudes. The light fields of all such states are represented as a real probability ensemble (not a pseudoensemble) of solutions of the unquantized Maxwell equation. The local realist analysis of light-detection events in spatially separated detectors requires a theory of detection which goes beyond the currently fashionable single-mode photon theory. It also requires us to recognize that there is a payoff between detector efficiency and signal-noise discrimination. Using such a theory, we have demonstrated that all experimental data, both in atomic cascades and in parametric down conversions, have a consistent local realist explanation based on the unquantized Maxwell field. Finally we discuss current attempts to demonstrate Schroedinger-cat-like behaviour of microwave cavities interacting with Rydberg atoms. Here also we demonstrate that there is no experimental evidence which cannot be described by the unquantized Maxwell field. We conclude that misuse of the Photon Concept has resulted in a mistaken recognition of "nonlocal" phenomena. From: Mark Iverson-ZeroPoint [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Thursday, December 01, 2011 11:27 PM To: [email protected] Subject: [Vo]: Spontaneous parametric up/dn-conversion... Just a couple of papers below that might be of interest to some Vorts… Why couldn’t SPUC/SPDC be the mechanism channeling the excess energy into lower forms of energy (i.e, heat, phonons, lattice vibrations) in LENR? Instead of producing a few highly energetic particles, the energy is spread out amongst a larger population of lower forms of energy… -mark -------------------------------- Nonlocality - The party may be over! Trevor W. Marshall Dept. of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U. K. Abstract We demonstrate that the phenomenon known as Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion is really an amplification, in a nonlinear crystal pumped by a laser, of certain pairs of modes of the electromagnetic zero-point field. The demonstration is achieved by showing the existence of a related phenomenon, Spontaneous Parametric Up Conversion. This phenomenon, once observed, will cast doubt on the quantum-optical theory, which treats photons as the elementary objects of the light field. It will also lend greater credibility to the zero-point field description of optical entanglement phenomena. That description is based on the unquantized light field and is consistently local, in contrast with the nonlocal description of Quantum Optics. -------------------------------- Femtosecond spontaneous parametric upconversion and downconversion in a quadratic nonlinear medium Jinyu Sun, Shian Zhang, Tianqing Jia, Zugeng Wang, and Zhenrong Sun JOSA B, Vol. 26, Issue 3, pp. 549-553 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.26.000549 Abstract Spontaneous parametric up-conversion (SPUC) and spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) have been observed in the β-barium borate (BBO) crystal, and their mechanisms are experimentally and theoretically investigated. SPUC, tuned from 530 to 600 nm with a FWHM of about 25 nm, can be attributed to the sum frequency between the quantum noise and the fundamental laser pulse in the type II phase matching condition (e+o→e). SPDC, tuned from 480 to 520 nm with a FWHM of about 15 nm, can be attributed to the difference frequency between the quantum noise and the fundamental laser pulse in the type I phase matching condition (e→o+o).
