*We may need to do some digging to see what the physical reality behind this subject is all about.*
Topology makes all the difference between condensed matter physics and high energy and atomic physics. In the fields of cold fusion and superconductivity, particles are not able to travel in three dimensions. These particles are constrained to travel on a surface or down an extremely thin wire or path. This limitation placed on the way particles can travel is where all the action is in current physics. For example, the Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 was awarded jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov *"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"* * * Geim and colleagues made the films by mechanically peeling layers of graphene -- two-dimensional sheets of carbon atoms -- from the surface of a thick crystal of graphite, and then used a combination of optical, electron-beam and atomic-force microscopy to separate out the thinnest films. This allowed them to produce films that measured tens of microns across but were only a few nanometres thick. Using standard lithography and etching techniques, the UK-Russia team then processed the films to make field-effect transistors. Electrons in the device were able to travel ballistically -- that is, without being scattered -- from the source to the drain electrode at room temperature. "The ballistic transistor is a holy grail for electronic engineers because it is very very fast," says Geim. "Graphene shows ballistic electronic transport at submicron distances, which is more than enough to make ballistic transistors." Although the team has not demonstrated that its transistors are fast, they have shown that they are ballistic. Inspired by recent breakthroughs made with carbon nanotubes -- which can be considered as rolled up graphene sheets -- the team is now exploring other possible applications for the films, including ultrasensitive gas sensors. "Graphene is a truly wonderful material," says Geim. Graphene is a two dimensional material. It is in this two dimensional stuff that the anyon lives and where fractional angular momentum is possible. It is a special case and cannot be generalized to encompass the behaviour of particles in all situations. I think this is the fallacy in Mills thinking. Based on his observation of the behaviour of electrons in a very particular situation, he generalized it to mean that all electrons behave this way at all times an in all situations. I think cold fusion will be explained in the context of the one and two dimensional nano world where electrons and protons behave in unusual ways. It is a world where electrons are constrained to flow on the two dimensional surfaces of a metal lattices, and elections move in lock step and in single file down a ultrathin conductor. We don’t need to invoke the neutrons of the other worlds of atomic physics to explain the strange things that are occurring in the limited topological world of nano technology. On Sun, May 13, 2012 at 7:54 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > I found your formula h/(2(pi) p) derived in the following on page 5 > formula 1 > > Fractional Statistics and Anyon Superconductivity > > > http://books.google.com/books/about/Fractional_Statistics_and_Anyon_Supercon.html > ? > > At first blush it looks like we are dealing with Anyon formation in a > superconductive condensate; where an electron orbits around a current flow. > > The Orbiton can join a condensate and may be subject to Anyon quantum > mechanical statistical description, but it may reflect from the reference, > the author is talking about spin as in the spintons. > > This stuff is all new to me but it looks like you are on to something. We > may need to do some digging to see what the physical reality behind this > subject is all about. Superconductive quasi particles and their condensates > are deep stuff. > > > > > On Sun, May 13, 2012 at 6:07 PM, <[email protected]> wrote: > >> In reply to Axil Axil's message of Wed, 9 May 2012 19:00:06 -0400: >> Hi, >> [snip] >> >Since the original electrons in the system are fermions, one of the >> spinon >> >and chargon has to be a fermion, and the other one has to be a boson. One >> >is theoretically free to make the assignment in either way, and no >> >observable quantity can depend on this choice. The formalism with bosonic >> >chargon and fermionic spinion is usually referred to as the >> "slave–fermion" >> >formalism. >> > >> >If “chargon” is a boson, it could support a condensate within the two >> >dimensional crystal that enables a charge accumulation mechanism whereby >> >the large electric charge which has been decupled from the electron; >> either >> >positive or negative localized in a very small volume can remove the >> >coulomb barrier to allow fusion to occur. >> [snip] >> I'm not quite sure how this ties in, or even if it does, but if you take >> a look >> at my model (http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/Non-relativisitic.pdf) you >> will see >> that electrons in sub-orbitals have fractional angular momentum that >> depends on >> the quantum number. >> >> Regards, >> >> Robin van Spaandonk >> >> http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html >> >> >
