Chuck, consider these issues. First, the BEC between atoms has not
been shown to occur except near absolute zero. The claim for such a
structure between hypothetical particles based on a form of
concentrated energy within a structure really does not apply. Second.
once a BEC forms, why would you think it would result in a nuclear
reaction? Third, if a fusion reaction occurred, why would it not take
the form of hot fusion? After all, the energy has to be dissipated by
a process that is not in evidence in the BEC. This idea is based on a
series of assumptions having no relationship to the theory of the BEC
and total ignorance about the electron structure in PdD. What
constitutes a boson is even uncertain in such a structure.
I suggest you read my explanation.
Ed
On Feb 8, 2013, at 11:33 PM, Chuck Sites wrote:
Its great to read Kim's reply. I;ve followed Dr. YE Kim's work for
years along with the Scott and Talbot Chubbs. I was convinced
years ago, that the only mechanism that would work for cold fusion
was a BEC. A Bose Einstein Condensate. It's a known physics fact
that particles that enter the BEC state form a single quantum state,
and become something that is just best described as weird. The
actual matter wave (the De Broglie wave) that describes matter at
the smallest scales, overlaps. When you have overlapping waveforms
of a particle that has an attractive nuclear potential, they just
snap together within very well defined probabilities. It's the
particles waveform overlap that will induce fusion.
What Kim shows is that within solids metals, deuterium ions screened
and charge neutralized by the metals electron sea, can condense and
form a BEC. When deuterium is in a BEC state there is probability
that the deuteriums will interact via strong interactions. Dr. Kim
has suggest two things of interest. First, that condensation could
happen in a hydrated metal and the rules that describe the quantum
overlap are modified my the metals electronic environment. In YE
Kim's theory, it only takes 10-100 Deuterium ions to make a BEC
within a metal. And the number of ions in the BEC glob is
temperature relative.
I think Kim's theory is pretty convincing with deuterium in metals,
What has been difficult for me is explaining the Hydrogen in metal
systems. The problem being that H-ion is a fermion quantum 1/2 spin
state, and is forced to follow the Pauli exclusion principle and so
will never have an overlapping waveforms or the potential for strong
interactions between protons.
Perhaps a pair of H ions waveforms interacting with W/Z's might flip
enough to the Proton-Proton chain. As it is now, I really struggle
to understand how H in a metal creates excess heat.
Best Regards,
Chuck
--------
s
On Fri, Feb 8, 2013 at 9:02 PM, Kevin O'Malley <[email protected]>
wrote:
Hello Vorts:
See below for confirmation from YE Kim that the formation of a BEC
at room temperature gives his LENR theory a leg up.
Kevin O'Malley <[email protected]>
1:22 PM (4 hours ago)
to yekim, ayandas, pkb
Hello Dr. Kim. I left you a voicemail regarding this. Does the
formation of a BEC at room temperature make your theory of Deuteron
Fusion more viable? Wasn't the main criticism of your theory that
BECs couldn't form at higher temperatures?
Y. E. Kim, "Bose-Einstein Condensate Theory of Deuteron Fusion in
Metal", J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 4, 188 (2011),
best regards,
Kevin O'Malley
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/01/29/1210842110
Polariton Bose–Einstein condensate at room temperature in an
Al(Ga)N nanowire–dielectric microcavity with a spatial potential
trap
Ayan Dasa,1,
Pallab Bhattacharyaa,1,
Junseok Heoa,
Animesh Banerjeea, and
Wei Guob
Author Affiliations
Edited by Paul L. McEuen, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and
approved December 21, 2012 (received for review June 28, 2012)
Abstract
A spatial potential trap is formed in a 6.0-μm Al(Ga)N nanowire by
varying the Al composition along its length during epitaxial growth.
The polariton emission characteristics of a dielectric microcavity
with the single nanowire embedded in-plane have been studied at room
temperature. Excitation is provided at the Al(Ga)N end of the
nanowire, and polariton emission is observed from the lowest bandgap
GaN region within the potential trap. Comparison of the results with
those measured in an identical microcavity with a uniform GaN
nanowire and having an identical exciton–photon detuning suggests
evaporative cooling of the polaritons as they are transported into
the trap in the Al(Ga)N nanowire. Measurement of the spectral
characteristics of the polariton emission, their momentum
distribution, first-order spatial coherence, and time-resolved
measurements of polariton cooling provides strong evidence of the
formation of a near-equilibrium Bose–Einstein condensate in the GaN
region of the nanowire at room temperature. In contrast, the
condensate formed in the uniform GaN nanowire–dielectric
microcavity without the spatial potential trap is only in self-
equilibrium.
Bose–Einstein condensation
exciton–polariton
Footnotes
1To whom correspondence may be addressed.
E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected].
Author contributions: A.D. and P.B. designed research; A.D. and J.H.
performed research; J.H., A.B., and W.G. contributed new reagents/
analytic tools; A.D. analyzed data; and P.B. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at
http://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1210842110/-/DCSupplemental
.
Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.
Reply
Reply to all
Forward
Kim, Yeong E
5:24 PM (32 minutes ago)
to me, ayandas, pkb
Hi, Kevin,
Yes, the formation of a BEC of deuterons (or other Bose nuclei)
makes my theory more viable.
The claim, made by some that BECs could not form at room
temperatures, was based on an inconclusive conjecture
which assumes that the Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB ) velocity distribution
applies for deuterons in a metal.
This conjecture was not based on any theories nor on any
experimentally observed facts.
The MB velocity distribution is for an ideal gas containing non-
interacting particles.
There are no justifications to assume the MB velocity distribution
for deuterons in a metal.
The published paper by Dasa, et al. quoted below indicates that the
conjecture is not justified.
I have stated at seminars and conferences (in the proceedings) that
“The BEC formation of deuterons in metal at room temperatures
depends on the velocity distribution
of deuterons in metal at room temperatures. The velocity
distribution of deuterons in metal has not
determined by theories nor by experiments and is not expected to be
the MB distribution”
The published paper by Dasa, et al. supports the above statement.
Yeong
keSent: Friday, February 08, 2013 4:22 PM
To: Kim, Yeong E
Cc: [email protected]; [email protected]
Subject: Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature
