It is not oscillations that cause the coulomb barrier to weaken, but the accumulation of coherent negative electric charge that is responsible.
Materials with a “negative dielectric constant” are expected to provide an attraction between similar charges and unusual scattering to electromagnetic waves with possible profound implications for high temperature superconductivity, communications, and LENR. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.1412 *Superradiance of a 2D-spaser array* Schematically, the spaser is an inversely populated two-level system (TLS). The transition from the excited to the ground state is accompanied by oscillations of the TLS dipole moment. These oscillations excite surface plasmons at the nano-particle (NP). Due to the short distance between the NP and the TLS, plasmon generation is much more efficient than photon radiation. In turn, plasmon oscillations induce the TLS to radiate providing feedback for the spaser. In other words, the lattice vibrations feed the spacer. The main sources of losses in spasers are dissipation in the metal NP and radiation of electromagnetic waves (far fields). For small NPs (< 20 nm), the first channel predominates [1]. For this reason, spasers have never been considered as efficient source of radiation but rather as systems that create high local intensity of the electric field and enhance nonlinear effects. In other words, the spacer produces intense electric fields rather than EMF. Thus, a boost of energy extraction from spasers is of special interest. In addition, due to the spaser’s small size, one cannot design a narrow radiation pattern for the emission of a spaser into free space. According to the antenna theory [10], to achieve a narrow radiation pattern, a wide aperture system built of many spasers, is required. Usually, the phases of emitters in antenna oscillations are specified, but controlling an individual antenna is not a simple task in optics. Ideally, a system of antennas should be self-ordering to create in-phase oscillations. This idea was suggested in Ref. [11] in the framework of a simplified approach in which instead of generation, wave scattering on the lattice of NPs was considered. NPs were assumed to interact with the gain medium described by the “negative part of dielectric permittivity”. Since the effects of saturation were not taken into account, lasing generation could not be described properly. In other words, spacers are responsible for the Shukla-Eliasson effect which produces attraction between like charged particles. In this Letter, we show that the near field interaction of TLSs with neighboring NPs leads to mutual synchronization of spaser oscillations in large 2D arrays of spasers. This mutual synchronization arises due to interaction of quantum subsystem of a spaser with plasmonic particles of the other spasers. The synchronization results in superradiance. Until the array size is smaller than the free space wavelength, the interference of radiated fields is constructive and the radiation intensity power increases as N2 with the number of spasers, N. For larger systems the interference becomes destructive and the total radiation power is linear in N while the power of radiation per solid angle perpendicular to the plane grows as N2. The N2- dependence is a consequence of superradiance from a subwavelength array and narrowing of the radiation pattern when the size of the array exceeds the free space wavelength. In other words, a two dimensional pile of spacers of arbitrary size act as a negative charge laser projecting a coherent negative electric charge perpendicular to the surface of the micro-particle into the bulk of the particle. This charge affects the bulk near the surface because it has “negative dielectric permittivity”. This forces like charges together while lowering the coulomb barrier in the bulk material. Cheers: Axil On Tue, Feb 12, 2013 at 3:57 PM, Roarty, Francis X < [email protected]> wrote: > Axil,**** > > It sounds like a pretty good theory but I think you still need a bootstrap > mechanism to initiate the oscillations responsible for LENR reaction. > Plasmons are just waves on the surface of an electron medium rather than > the flow of said electrons and as such aren’t an energy source nor is the > quantum effects of the geometry an energy source in itself.. you still need > something to cause relative motion between the rubber and the road.. to > move these gas atoms in opposition to the NAE as a prestep toward your > LENR reaction and to keep it from damping out. I still posit this > environment makes possible a seeming violation of COE where the random > motion of gas and hence HUP can be exploited as an energy source. The > random chaotic motion of these gas atoms are mostly confined to 2D and > possibly 1D while simultaneously permeated by the field changes of this > nano geometry . This “less random” motion relative to the changing field > created by the geometry would make possible a self assembling maxwellian > like demon, instead of separating hot from cold atoms into reservoirs it > simply discounts the required energy to disassociate h2 below the level > released when the atoms recombine.**** > > Fran**** > > ** ** > > *From:* Axil Axil [mailto:[email protected]] > *Sent:* Tuesday, February 12, 2013 12:56 PM > > *To:* [email protected] > *Subject:* EXTERNAL: Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room > Temperature**** > > ** ** > > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaser**** > > > The Spaser**** > > > The negatively charged quasiparticle called a Plasmons is being produced > on the nano-surfaced micro-particles used in both the Rossi and DGT > reactors. First, surface plasmons are bosons: they are vector excitations > and have spin 1, just as photons do.**** > > > These electrons are forming condensates which amplify their wave function > as they become entangled. Their localization at lattice defects defines the > nuclear active areas where LENR occurs.**** > > A spaser is the nanoplasmonic counterpart of a laser, but it (ideally) > does not emit photons. It is analogous to the conventional laser, but in a > spaser photons are replaced by surface plasmons and the resonant cavity is > replaced by a nanoparticle, which supports the plasmonic modes. Similarly > to a laser, the energy source for the Spasing mechanism is an active (gain) > medium that is excited externally. The LENR reaction provides this > excitation.**** > > This spacer accomplishes two functions; it’s entangled and amplified wave > function catalyzes fusion by lowering the coulomb barrier of atoms at and > near the lattice defect and then it down converts and transfers this fusion > gamma energy from the nucleus into the lattice of the micro particle as > infrared radiation. > **** > > > > Cheers: Axil**** > > On Fri, Feb 8, 2013 at 9:02 PM, Kevin O'Malley <[email protected]> > wrote:**** > > Hello Vorts:**** > > See below for confirmation from YE Kim that the formation of a BEC at room > temperature gives his LENR theory a leg up. **** > > **** > > **** > > **** > > **** > > **** > > **** > > Kevin O'Malley <[email protected]> **** > > 1:22 PM (4 hours ago)**** > > **** > > **** > > **** > > to yekim, ayandas, pkb **** > > **** > > Hello Dr. Kim. I left you a voicemail regarding this. Does the formation > of a BEC at room temperature make your theory of Deuteron Fusion more > viable? Wasn't the main criticism of your theory that BECs couldn't form at > higher temperatures? **** > > Y. E. Kim, "Bose-Einstein Condensate Theory of Deuteron Fusion in Metal", > J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. *4*, 188 (2011),**** > > best regards,**** > > Kevin O'Malley**** > > <408%20460%205707>**** > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > **** > > > http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/01/29/1210842110 > > Polariton Bose–Einstein condensate at room temperature in an Al(Ga)N > nanowire–dielectric microcavity with a spatial potential trap > > Ayan Dasa,1, > Pallab Bhattacharyaa,1, > Junseok Heoa, > Animesh Banerjeea, and > Wei Guob > > Author Affiliations > > Edited by Paul L. McEuen, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved > December 21, 2012 (received for review June 28, 2012) > > Abstract > > A spatial potential trap is formed in a 6.0-μm Al(Ga)N nanowire by varying > the Al composition along its length during epitaxial growth. The polariton > emission characteristics of a dielectric microcavity with the single > nanowire embedded in-plane have been studied at room temperature. > Excitation is provided at the Al(Ga)N end of the nanowire, and polariton > emission is observed from the lowest bandgap GaN region within the > potential trap. Comparison of the results with those measured in an > identical microcavity with a uniform GaN nanowire and having an identical > exciton–photon detuning suggests evaporative cooling of the polaritons as > they are transported into the trap in the Al(Ga)N nanowire. Measurement of > the spectral characteristics of the polariton emission, their momentum > distribution, first-order spatial coherence, and time-resolved measurements > of polariton cooling provides strong evidence of the formation of a > near-equilibrium Bose–Einstein condensate in the GaN region of the nanowire > at room temperature. In contrast, the condensate formed in the uniform GaN > nanowire–dielectric microcavity without the spatial potential trap is only > in self-equilibrium. > > Bose–Einstein condensation > exciton–polariton > Footnotes > 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. > E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]. > > > > Author contributions: A.D. and P.B. designed research; A.D. and J.H. > performed research; J.H., A.B., and W.G. contributed new reagents/analytic > tools; A.D. analyzed data; and P.B. wrote the paper. > > The authors declare no conflict of interest. > > This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. > > This article contains supporting information online at > > http://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1210842110/-/DCSupplemental. > > > Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.**** > > Reply**** > > Reply to all**** > > Forward**** > > **** > > Kim, Yeong E **** > > 5:24 PM (32 minutes ago)**** > > **** > > **** > > **** > > to me, ayandas, pkb **** > > **** > > Hi, Kevin,**** > > Yes, the formation of a BEC of deuterons (or other Bose nuclei) makes my > theory more viable.**** > > The claim, made by some that BECs could not form at room temperatures, was > based on an inconclusive conjecture**** > > which assumes that the Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB ) velocity distribution > applies for deuterons in a metal.**** > > This conjecture was not based on any theories nor on any experimentally > observed facts.**** > > The MB velocity distribution is for an ideal gas containing > non-interacting particles.**** > > There are no justifications to assume the MB velocity distribution for > deuterons in a metal.**** > > The published paper by Dasa, et al. quoted below indicates that the > conjecture is not justified.**** > > I have stated at seminars and conferences (in the proceedings) that**** > > “The BEC formation of deuterons in metal at room temperatures depends on > the velocity distribution**** > > of deuterons in metal at room temperatures. The velocity distribution of > deuterons in metal has not**** > > determined by theories nor by experiments and is not expected to be the MB > distribution”**** > > The published paper by Dasa, et al. supports the above statement.**** > > Yeong**** > > *keSent:* Friday, February 08, 2013 4:22 PM > *To:* Kim, Yeong E > *Cc:* [email protected]; [email protected] > *Subject:* Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature**** > > **** > > ** ** >
