I should have added... There are a few uncommon types of radioactive decay that DO NOT involve identity change, i.e. do not transmute one element to another.
One example is internal conversion, which results in inner-shell electron
emission, even though it involves neither beta nor gamma decay. Another type
of decay is isomeric transition decay and it too does not transmute one
element to another. In either case, the nucleus has gained mass which needs
to be shed.
... The point being that there a real world precedent for nuclear
mass-to-energy transfer which does not involve transmutation. But whether
this type of decay can occur via magnons in small energy packets has not
been demonstrated.
BTW - endothermic nuclear fusion is the mechanism by which all the elements
heavier than nickel are created. In fact, it is the only way that they can
be created in nature so we are not dealing with a new kind of reaction -
when we speak of an endothermic nuclear reaction - only a new parameter set.
_____________________________________________
If mass can be converted to energy in packets of a
fractional eV up to a few tens of eV, which seems to be a feature of many
LENR theories - and the reaction is reversible so that energy can be
converted into mass - the problem resolves to locating a nucleus which can
vary in mass slightly without necessarily changing identity.
The "transfer medium" between mass and energy - is thought
by some theorists to be the quantum of spin - the magnon.
In the case of Ahern's EPRI work - the endothermic reaction
ONLY occurred when titanium was part of the nanopowder.
Since titanium has also been associated with gain in other
experiments, it would probably be the best lattice metal to concentrate on -
in order to show which parameters induce endotherm and which induce
exotherm. Titanium has two high spin isomers: 47 and 49 and a number of odd
physical properties that point to how one could engineer an experiment.
Jones
From: ChemE Stewart
Thanks Jones, I have read so much stuff my
head is spinning like a toroid. I remember Celani last year talking about
temperature inversions during loading/heating phase of his wires for his
demonstrations. Jed has documents on his site discussing this from older
studies, not sure about recent.
http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/CelaniFtheeffecto.pdf
I have liken it to a thunderstorm. When a
low pressure system rolls through it can pull a vacuum/create low pressure
in the surrounding gaseous atmosphere and cool things off overall but if you
happen to be close to lightning discharge within the area you might get very
hot, very fast... That lightning may be originating from a NAE since they
have detected positron emissions, neutrons, etc.. during storms
Stewart
Actually there are four reports of LENR
endothermic reactions, including Arata and Ahern
http://newenergytimes.com/v2/library/2012/2012EPRI-1025575-Ahern.pdf
Probably more examples were seen and written
off as calibration error, since endotherm is so unexpected.
Unless part of the "reaction" is endothermic
and cools its surroundings...
I do not think anyone has ever detected an
endothermic cold fusion reaction. You could detect that with a calorimeter
as easily as you can detect an exothermic reaction of the same magnitude.
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