three body forces are important. The shell model and magic numbers fall out of tensor and three-nucleon forces theory<http://www.energyfromthorium.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=4057>
http://physics.aps.org/articles/v6/59]Viewpoint Pushing Back the Frontier of Stability On Sat, May 25, 2013 at 2:50 AM, <[email protected]> wrote: > In reply to David Roberson's message of Fri, 24 May 2013 23:42:18 -0400 > (EDT): > Hi, > [snip] > >So, my ultimate desire is to understand exactly how excess energy is > stored within a nucleus. A single proton does not have the ability to > perform that function under normal conditions. When fusion occurs, gammas > are emitted by some mechanism from the nuclear energy storage process. > Classical ideas would suggest that the energy might be stored in a process > somewhat like that of a pair of balls connected by a spring which in this > case would simulate the strong force. > > The fact that nuclei often have neutron cross sections with sharp peaks in > the > energy of the neutron, hints IMO that nuclei have rigid structures. > However much > like a box of apples, different arrangements are possible. Each different > arrangement has its own energy level, but there is a (slight) barrier to > overcome in changing between arrangements, e.g. an apple, once having > settled > into the dip between other apples needs a slight nudge to get it over it's > nearest neighbor into the next dip. The ZPE can however provide the energy > required to push a nucleon into the next "dip", provided that in so doing > the > nucleus reaches a lower energy level such that the loan from the Bank of > Heisenberg is rapidly repaid. Perhaps more accurately, if there is no lower > position, then the "apple" simply roles back to it's original spot, > returning > the borrowed energy during the process. > > When a neutron from outside enters the nucleus, many other "apples" get > shifted > around, and it takes a while for them all to settle down again, each shift > releasing a gamma photon. > [snip] > >I ask these somewhat silly sounding questions because it frequently > occurs that a proposed reaction is questioned because of a concern for the > conservation of energy and momentum during the fusion process. I seek a > way to buy time during the event which might be used to slowly absorb the > high level of energy that is ultimately released by fusion. > > You won't be buying much time. Particle emission usually happens in about > 1E-23 > seconds, and gamma emission on the order of about 1E-17 seconds, except > when a > so called "meta-stable" state is achieved. > > > > >For instance, a two body collision can always be shown to conserve > momentum and energy as long as no energy is released during the collision > and they remain attached. Then, the trick is to figure out how to extract > that excess energy without significantly upsetting the center of mass of > the initial pair. If the energy can be taken over a long enough period of > time, then interesting things happen. > > Indeed "if". > > > > >Another question is why can't a proton have additional mass that exists > in the form of kinetic energy of its constituent quarks? I guess this is > equivalent of asking whether or not a proton can have a temperature. :-) > > Only when it has a fever. ;) > > Regards, > > Robin van Spaandonk > > http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html > >
