There are many misconceptions that are detrimental to the proper understanding of function that Rydberg matter, clusters, and atom formation in a Ni/H reactor.
Nano particles of potassium hydrides will form as the plasma of the heater/spark cools and condenses to form superatoms. Common Forms of Alkali Metals — New Rydberg Matter Clusters of Potassium and Hydrogen Author and institution: Leif Holmlid (Department of chemistry) Posted in: Journal of Cluster Science, 21 (4) pp. 637-653 Publication Type: Article, refereegranskad scientific Year Of Publication: 2010 The Full-text Link: http://www.springerlink.com/content/...8/fulltext.pdf Summary (abstract): Alkali metals can form low-density metallic phases, in their most wellordered form called Rydberg Matter (RM). RM consists mainly of planar metallic clusters, with the number of atoms in each cluster not known that 100 according to experiments. Six-fold symmetric RM clusters in the most stable series K19, K37, K61 and K91 were observed by rotational radio-frequency spectroscopy and shown to be leveled in the point group D6h (Holmlid, J Mol Struct 885: 122, 2008). Here, the RM of clusters formed by K & H atoms are studied by time-of-flight neutral after pulsed laser fragmentation of RM formed from K & H. The kinetic energy of the fragments is due to laser-initiated Coulomb explosion. Novel RM clusters of the type CN with N = 6, 9, 10, 13 and 15 are ejected from the material. They are necessarily planar due to the RM bonding, with two-or three-fold symmetry axes perpendicular to the plane. Pure hydrogen atom RM clusters HN are observed, demonstrating once more that H indeed is an alkali metal. KMHN Mixed clusters similar to hydrogen clusters where each K replaces an H atom as in KH6 are now also positively identified. These nanoparticles live for up to 6 minutes between creation by spark discharge in the Defkalion reactor and a certain fixed timeframe in the Rossi reactor. These short lived dust particles support the LENR reaction after their creation an gradually are destroyed in dynamic nuclear active environments(NAE) between these particles. I am hopeful that this reality penetrates the general thinking here on vortex as a platform for more complicated ideas which may then be proffered, On Sat, Jul 27, 2013 at 7:09 PM, <mix...@bigpond.com> wrote: > In reply to Eric Walker's message of Sat, 27 Jul 2013 08:22:30 -0700: > Hi, > [snip] > >My two questions for Robin (or anyone else): > > > > - Do you have a sense of how tunneling would be affected at the > > locations that hydrodgen/deuterium pairs are likely to be if a > significant > > population of nickel electrons were excited into Rydberg states? I > think > > we can assume Ron's mechanism is also at play, but perhaps not. (If > we get > > set aside Ron's mechanism, we have gammas to deal with.) > > If a significant number were in Rydberg states, I think it could make > quite a > large difference. As long as at least 1 electron is between two Hydrogen > nuclei, > they will be attracted to one another (actually to the electron), so the > local > electron density makes a very large difference to the tunneling probability > (same thing as Coulomb barrier penetration[1]). > However, if you take into consideration that some percentage of the Pd > atoms > will have already lost at least one valence electron anyway (gone > wandering off > through the lattice), then I'm not sure how easy to would be to get at > least one > of the remaining electrons into Rydberg orbitals. Nevertheless, the > concept is > very interesting, and does appear to tie together a number of "loose > ends". If > combined with Horace's theory, perhaps as the introductory step to his > process, > it may also explain the Ni results, though I don't think it would explain > why > 61Ni is unreactive. > BTW the tetrahedral sites are probably much better suited if you want to > go down > this road. > > Temperature would play an important role in this model, not just in > creating > Rydberg states, but also because thermal vibration about an equilibrium > point > can bring two nuclei closer together, thus reducing the distance that > needs to > be bridged by tunneling. This could be the link to the Debye temperature. > > [1] Tunneling probability is affected by both the height and width of the > barrier. The barrier height represents the classical energy required to > overcome > it, so this is directly related to the charges on the respective nuclei. > The > mass of the nuclei also play a role in determining the height. > The barrier width is essentially the separation distance between the two > nuclei > at the instant of tunneling. > > BTW2 I suspect that electrons entering Rydberg states would cause the > lattice to > swell. So it might be worth looking at the temperature dependence of the > thermal > expansion coefficient, and see if there is knee in the curve at some point. > > Regards, > > Robin van Spaandonk > > http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html > >
