Nickel Hydride High pressure phases[edit source<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nickel_hydride&action=edit§ion=2> | editbeta<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_hydride?veaction=edit&vesection=2> ]
A true crystallographically distinct phase of nickel hydride can be produced with high pressure hydrogen gas at 600 MPa.[3]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_hydride#cite_note-junjun7-3> Alternatively it can be produced electrolytically.[5]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_hydride#cite_note-Takano-5> The crystal form is face centred cubic<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_centred_cubic> or β-nickel hydride. Hydrogen to nickel atomic ratios are up to one, with hydrogen occupying an octahedral site.[6]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_hydride#cite_note-Travares-6> The density of the β-hydride is 7.74 g/cm3. It is coloured grey.[6]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_hydride#cite_note-Travares-6> At a current density of 1 Amp per square decimeter, in 0.5 mol/liter of sulfuric acid and thiourea a surface layer of nickel will be converted to nickel hydride. This surface is replete with cracks up to milimeters long. The direction of cracking is in the {001} plane of the original nickel crystals. The lattice constant of nickel hydride is 3.731 nm, which is 5.7% more than that of nickel.[5]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_hydride#cite_note-Takano-5> The near-stoichometric NiH is unstable and loses hydrogen at pressures below 340 MPa.[3]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_hydride#cite_note-junjun7-3> On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 9:57 PM, Teslaalset <[email protected]>wrote: > Proces to produce nickel from Nickel Carbonyl: > > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mond_process > > > > > > On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 9:54 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > >> I might be wrong. The are a large amount of "light elements" present. You >> may be totally correct.: >> >> >> On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 3:48 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: >> >>> Re: >>> >>> TABLE II >>> >>> XRF ANALYSIS OF NAE5 (BEFORE A TEST RUN) >>> >>> TEST ID: 07/18/12 #25 >>> >>> From the composition of the powder from the ICCF-17 DGT paper, no carbon >>> is present. >>> >>> >>> On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 3:44 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: >>> >>>> Thanks, I stand corrected. I see what you mean. They must remove the >>>> carbon with oxygen and then the oxygen with hydrogen starting from the >>>> commercial powder.. >>>> >>>> The presence of carbon will distort (increase) the curie temperature of >>>> the powder. Therefore, Carbon must be removed. >>>> >>>> >>>> On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 3:30 PM, Bob Higgins >>>> <[email protected]>wrote: >>>> >>>>> The micrograph is of carbonyl Ni. Look it up. For example, Hunter >>>>> Chemical AH50. Also, Vale T255. It is the same as what is shown in Kim's >>>>> slides. Carbonyl is the process - the particles are pure Ni. >>>>> On Aug 23, 2013 3:25 PM, "Axil Axil" <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>> DGT has never mentioned the use of carbonyl. There powder is pure >>>>>> nickel. The surface of the particles are processed with a proprietary >>>>>> process to resurface the particle with a Rutile structure. >>>>>> >>>>>> Please show me a reference to the use of carbonyl in this process. >>>>>> In fact, the use of carbonyl is incompatible with the rutile process. >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 3:00 PM, Bob Higgins < >>>>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>> Yes. What is shown is a carbonyl Ni particle. It has no >>>>>>> nanowires. It does have points, but no nanowires. Nanowires would not >>>>>>> be >>>>>>> visible at the scale of that micrograph. >>>>>>> On Aug 23, 2013 2:29 PM, "Axil Axil" <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Are you looking at slide 3, fabrication of fuels and reaction cells? >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> the box of interest starts with the following... >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Modified Ni Crystal powders.... >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> The 5 micron particle is pictured on that page. Can you see it >>>>>>>> now... >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 1:58 PM, Bob Higgins < >>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> The carbony Ni particles used by DGT, as was shown in Kim's >>>>>>>>> presentation, have NO nanowires at all. >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 1:33 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]>wrote: >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Not for the first time, with amazing generosity, DGT has provided >>>>>>>>>> us with a picture of a 5 micron nanowire coated micro-particle in >>>>>>>>>> their >>>>>>>>>> ICCF-18 presentation that they have originally engineered base on >>>>>>>>>> suggested >>>>>>>>>> information derived from Rossi’s revelations. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> There must be a million nanowires coming off that fuzzy looking >>>>>>>>>> micro-particle. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> If 10 nanoparticle aggregation form on each nanowire tip and 100 >>>>>>>>>> hot spots from inside each aggregation, that drive the NAE count for >>>>>>>>>> each >>>>>>>>>> micro-particle up to 10 to the power of 9 hot spots per >>>>>>>>>> micro-particle. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> If 10,000,000 micro particles as used in the 3 grams of nickel >>>>>>>>>> power reaction activator, then the NAE count goes up to 10 to the 16 >>>>>>>>>> power >>>>>>>>>> of possible NAE sites in a Ni/H reactor. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Clearly, this micro-powder covered with nanowires approach to the >>>>>>>>>> reaction has many orders of magnitude numerical superiority over the >>>>>>>>>> crack >>>>>>>>>> regime. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 12:06 PM, Edmund Storms < >>>>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> Peter, I'm simply telling you what your comments mean to me. I'm >>>>>>>>>>> not thinking in your place. If I have gotten the wrong >>>>>>>>>>> understanding from >>>>>>>>>>> what you have written, than you are free to tell me and to correct >>>>>>>>>>> your >>>>>>>>>>> writings so that other people do not also get the wrong impression, >>>>>>>>>>> which >>>>>>>>>>> is clearly the case. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> I do not think a crack is equally active along its length. I'm >>>>>>>>>>> only proposing that somewhere in the gap, the fusion reaction is >>>>>>>>>>> possible. >>>>>>>>>>> I have described ALL aspects of the model. I'm only giving the broad >>>>>>>>>>> requirements. Once these are accepted, you will be told more >>>>>>>>>>> details. I >>>>>>>>>>> see no reason to waste my time if the basic claim is rejected. I >>>>>>>>>>> would >>>>>>>>>>> rather spend my time using the model to make the effect work. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> Ed >>>>>>>>>>> On Aug 23, 2013, at 9:53 AM, Peter Gluck wrote: >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> Dear Ed. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> I would ask you to not think in my place, I really don't like >>>>>>>>>>> it.It is typical for dictatures and I had enough from it starting >>>>>>>>>>> with >>>>>>>>>>> :"Der Fuhrer denkt fur uns alle" and ending with Ceausescu's >>>>>>>>>>> omniscience. I >>>>>>>>>>> have the right to think independently. >>>>>>>>>>> Citing you: >>>>>>>>>>> *you are assuming that D+Pd involves a different mechanism, a >>>>>>>>>>> different NAE, and different nuclear products. * >>>>>>>>>>> Clearly the products of reaction are different for Pd and Ni H >>>>>>>>>>> simply because >>>>>>>>>>> the reactants are different. I have NOT told that the mechanism >>>>>>>>>>> of reaction >>>>>>>>>>> are different. >>>>>>>>>>> A question for you- a crack however beautiful is inherently very >>>>>>>>>>> asymmetric >>>>>>>>>>> do you think a crack nanometers broad but microns or even >>>>>>>>>>> millimeters long >>>>>>>>>>> is equally active along its entire lengths? Isn't it more >>>>>>>>>>> plausible that inside >>>>>>>>>>> this labyrinthic formation there are some even more preferential >>>>>>>>>>> short areas >>>>>>>>>>> where the activity is focused? And are you convinced that thse >>>>>>>>>>> short areas >>>>>>>>>>> are so different from a nanostructure? Couldn't be the things a >>>>>>>>>>> bit more >>>>>>>>>>> complicated but actually more unitary- as you otherwise also >>>>>>>>>>> suggest? >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> I think it is not possible to decide now sitting at our PC's if >>>>>>>>>>> Nature uses >>>>>>>>>>> only one soltion or more for creating excess energy. It is more >>>>>>>>>>> useful >>>>>>>>>>> to find new ways to force Nature to give us what we need and want >>>>>>>>>>> and not care so much if she is whining a bit for that. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> Peter >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 6:16 PM, Edmund Storms < >>>>>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> On Aug 23, 2013, at 9:03 AM, Peter Gluck wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Dear Bob, >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Thank you for the idea of cracks' aesthetics! I know it well, I >>>>>>>>>>>> think >>>>>>>>>>>> you have remarked the second Motto by Leonard Cohen based >>>>>>>>>>>> on this idea.. >>>>>>>>>>>> It happens that very early in my professional career I learned >>>>>>>>>>>> about the >>>>>>>>>>>> beauty and variety of cracks -when working at the Civil >>>>>>>>>>>> Engineering >>>>>>>>>>>> Faculy of the Timisoara- Polytechnics, Chair of Concrete. It is >>>>>>>>>>>> a world of cracks in concrete see e.g. >>>>>>>>>>>> http://indecorativeconcrete.com/idcn/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Why-Concrete-Cracks.pdf >>>>>>>>>>>> Mistery and beauty are different from function. Let's admit the >>>>>>>>>>>> possible role >>>>>>>>>>>> cracks in Pd in the FPCell, is this something good for the >>>>>>>>>>>> results? >>>>>>>>>>>> However Paintelli's process is based on very smart and >>>>>>>>>>>> beautiful nanostructures more sophisticated and educated as >>>>>>>>>>>> cracks, and >>>>>>>>>>>> LENR+ uses >>>>>>>>>>>> the high art of nanoplasmonics. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> How do you know this Peter? Besides, you are assuming that >>>>>>>>>>>> D+Pd involves a different mechanism, a different NAE, and >>>>>>>>>>>> different nuclear >>>>>>>>>>>> products. Consequently, the number of miracles is squared rather >>>>>>>>>>>> than >>>>>>>>>>>> reduced. Do you really want to go down that path? What happens the >>>>>>>>>>>> effect >>>>>>>>>>>> occurs using Ti? Does this involve an additional method and >>>>>>>>>>>> mechanism? >>>>>>>>>>>> What how is tritium formed? Is this reaction different in Ni >>>>>>>>>>>> compared to >>>>>>>>>>>> Pd? >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> I believe the phenomenon is so rare and unusual that only one >>>>>>>>>>>> condition and mechanism would be able to cause it. You take the >>>>>>>>>>>> opposite >>>>>>>>>>>> view, that every material and isotope requires a different method >>>>>>>>>>>> and NAE. >>>>>>>>>>>> This gives people a choice. I wonder how the vote would go? >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Ed >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Peter >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> , >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> On Fri, Aug 23, 2013 at 5:05 PM, Bob Higgins < >>>>>>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> Recently, Peter published in his blog his reasons for hoping >>>>>>>>>>>>> that the NAE aren’t cracks. After considering it, I believe he >>>>>>>>>>>>> misses the >>>>>>>>>>>>> uniqueness, durability, and beauty of the cracks that are being >>>>>>>>>>>>> considered. >>>>>>>>>>>>> **** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> ** ** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> To the uniqueness point… Consider that a crack is different >>>>>>>>>>>>> than just two surfaces in close proximity. A crack is like a horn >>>>>>>>>>>>> with a >>>>>>>>>>>>> throat of minimum gap: the lattice spacing. Imagine the throat >>>>>>>>>>>>> at x=0 with >>>>>>>>>>>>> the crack surface spacing widening as x increases. The crack >>>>>>>>>>>>> provides a >>>>>>>>>>>>> unique environment in its smallest regions. Near x=0, the >>>>>>>>>>>>> environment for >>>>>>>>>>>>> a hydron asymptotically approaches that of the lattice. In this >>>>>>>>>>>>> region, >>>>>>>>>>>>> electron orbitals extend across or at least into the crack. >>>>>>>>>>>>> Perhaps in >>>>>>>>>>>>> this near-lattice spacing there is only room for an H+ ion (the >>>>>>>>>>>>> case for >>>>>>>>>>>>> Ni, but for Pd there is room at the lattice spacing for a neutral >>>>>>>>>>>>> monatomic >>>>>>>>>>>>> hydron). As x increases, the crack surface spacing (the gap) >>>>>>>>>>>>> increases >>>>>>>>>>>>> allowing room for neutral monatomic hydrons. At greater x, the >>>>>>>>>>>>> crack >>>>>>>>>>>>> spacing would support neutral H2 molecules, and beyond this, the >>>>>>>>>>>>> crack is >>>>>>>>>>>>> probably uninteresting. This unique gradient of hydron boundary >>>>>>>>>>>>> conditions >>>>>>>>>>>>> always exists in the crack near it throat (near x=0), even if the >>>>>>>>>>>>> crack >>>>>>>>>>>>> were to begin zipping itself open.**** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> ** ** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> To the durability point… In my past I had occasion to work >>>>>>>>>>>>> with MEMS structures. When I first saw MEMS cantilever beams >>>>>>>>>>>>> being used >>>>>>>>>>>>> for switches and other functions, my first thought was, “Those >>>>>>>>>>>>> are going to >>>>>>>>>>>>> break!” What I learned was that a structure’s strength is >>>>>>>>>>>>> inversely >>>>>>>>>>>>> proportional to its size. So a building scaled twice as large >>>>>>>>>>>>> will be half >>>>>>>>>>>>> as strong. This is why you can drop an ant from as high as you >>>>>>>>>>>>> wish and he >>>>>>>>>>>>> will hit the ground running. Compare a 3 meter diving board >>>>>>>>>>>>> (cantilever) >>>>>>>>>>>>> to a 3 micron cantilever – the 3 micron cantilever will be a >>>>>>>>>>>>> million times >>>>>>>>>>>>> more robust. The cracks being considered for NAE are nanoscale >>>>>>>>>>>>> cracks, but >>>>>>>>>>>>> our natural experience is with cracks having dimensions of ~1cm. >>>>>>>>>>>>> A 10nm >>>>>>>>>>>>> crack, will be a million times more mechanically robust than a >>>>>>>>>>>>> 1cm crack. >>>>>>>>>>>>> At the nanoscale, the two split apart surfaces will be very stiff >>>>>>>>>>>>> and >>>>>>>>>>>>> behind the throat of the crack (x<0) there will be compression >>>>>>>>>>>>> forces >>>>>>>>>>>>> trying to restore the crack to its closed position. The surfaces >>>>>>>>>>>>> may also >>>>>>>>>>>>> experience a Casimir closing force. A nanoscale crack will have >>>>>>>>>>>>> strong >>>>>>>>>>>>> forces trying to heal itself.**** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> **** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> If nanocracks can heal, then how would the nanocrack form in >>>>>>>>>>>>> the first place and what could keep the surfaces apart? I >>>>>>>>>>>>> believe a wedge >>>>>>>>>>>>> of atom(s) or molecule(s) is needed in the gap to keep the crack >>>>>>>>>>>>> open, and >>>>>>>>>>>>> perhaps to form it in the first place. That is why I am using >>>>>>>>>>>>> nanoparticles that will alloy with Ni and then I am oxidizing the >>>>>>>>>>>>> structure. I use iron oxide nanoparticles. I put down the oxide >>>>>>>>>>>>> nanoparticles disposed all across the Ni micro-powder surface, >>>>>>>>>>>>> reduce (or >>>>>>>>>>>>> partly reduce) the surface so the iron nanoparticles can alloy >>>>>>>>>>>>> with the Ni, >>>>>>>>>>>>> and then go back and strongly oxidize the metals. When the iron >>>>>>>>>>>>> oxidizes, >>>>>>>>>>>>> it grows in volume and I hypothesize that it will wedge open a >>>>>>>>>>>>> nanocrack. >>>>>>>>>>>>> If the iron is then partly reduced it becomes an H2 splitting >>>>>>>>>>>>> catalyst, >>>>>>>>>>>>> right at the site of the crack.**** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> ** ** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> What a beautiful structure I imagine that to be – a nanocrack >>>>>>>>>>>>> with a sweep of hydron boundary conditions with an H2 splitting >>>>>>>>>>>>> catalyst at >>>>>>>>>>>>> its mouth.**** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> ** ** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> Bob**** >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>> Dr. Peter Gluck >>>>>>>>>>>> Cluj, Romania >>>>>>>>>>>> http://egooutpeters.blogspot.com >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>> Dr. Peter Gluck >>>>>>>>>>> Cluj, Romania >>>>>>>>>>> http://egooutpeters.blogspot.com >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>> >> >
