Hi James Mills atomic model considers the normal ground state as a treshold between photon and photonless transitions between quantumlevels in the atom. So there is no spontaneous transition possible of the electron to subground levels. Only when a catalyst is used which can absorb n x 27.2 eV , the electron orbitsphere destabilizes and contracts and releases additional energy until a new stable situation is reached.
Regarding hydrino formation and LENR I suspect that the transition to subground levels is probably the first step in all excess heat phenomenon. If transition progresses to very low fractional quantum levels (according to Mills there are 137), the coulomb barrier is lowered and incidentally normal nuclear reactions are possible with normal particle emissions like in hot fusion. This is seen by many groups. That could also explain transmutations, which could be the result of normal nuclear reactions. These particle emissions and transmutations are not commensurate with the released heat. Now comes the big question. Are there any new nuclear reactions possible which produce for instance 4He without particles or gamma emission? A possible explanation could be that these new nuclear reactions would be the result of 3 body interaction between hydrino`s, which would be most probable when a metallic surface is present. The production of 4He almost commensurate with the heat release remains a big mystery . Why would 4He be produced with a 3 body reaction while a more probable 2 body reaction between deuterium atoms is suppressed? I often wonder if a mass spectrometer could be fooled by a di-deuterino molecule in a very low fractional quantumstate (D 1/37), but i am no expert to decide on that. Peter ----- Original Message ----- From: James Bowery To: vortex-l Sent: Sunday, December 01, 2013 10:12 PM Subject: Re: [Vo]:Re: I haven't followed the hydrino theory but the little that I've taken notice of it there seems to be a problem with the idea that entropy favors hydrino production since, if that were the case the ocean would turn into dihydrino oxide, right? Moreover, to add confusion there is the energy emitted in going from hydrogen to hydrino conflated with the energy emitted from LENR. If someone could provide a concise disaggregation of these two points of confusion/conflation, it would help. On Sun, Dec 1, 2013 at 2:28 PM, <[email protected]> wrote: In reply to David Roberson's message of Sun, 1 Dec 2013 03:17:14 -0500 (EST): Hi, [snip] > >Have you determined whether or not this is a reversible process? How often does the lower energy hydrino accept energy from a catalyst that has not yet released the same amount of energy in the form of radiation? It is common for energy to be traded in both directions according to thermodynamic laws. > >Dave Entropy works in favour of Hydrino production. Once the energy has been released, it is difficult to get it back again. Furthermore, it is a two stage process. In the first stage a multiple of 27.2 eV is handed to the catalyst. In the second stage more energy is released as the newly formed Hydrino stabilizes. Consequently, an "excited" catalyst doesn't have enough energy to "re-inflate" a stable Hydrino. The simplest case will serve as an example:- Stage I) H + Ar+ => Hy* + Ar++ + e- Stage II) Hy* => Hy + 13.6 eV (UV or kinetic) (I have used Hy* to denote an intermediate state of the Hydrino). Note that in (I) 27.2 eV is transferred to the Ar+, which further ionizes it, but an additional 13.6 eV is lost in (II), so the total energy lost is 40.8 eV. Hence Ar++ recombining with a free electron to produce Ar+ would only generate 27.2 eV, which is 13.6 eV short of the amount required to "re-inflate" the Hydrino back to H. Note the actual ionization energy of Ar+ is 27.6 eV, but I have deliberately left the consequences of that out of the explanation as I am trying to keep it simple. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
