http://www.google.ca/patents/US5018180
Ken Shoulders' "charge cluster" device is another promising device using magnetism to affect nuclear stability. Produced by a short pulse of electric potential, a typical one-micron charge cluster is a tightly packed group of about 100 billion electrons which have broken free from their nuclei and have come together into remarkably stable ring-shaped units that look like tiny donuts. At first glance, they seem to violate a principle of physics that asserts that electrical charges, either positive or negative, repel each other. Shoulders' 1991 patent for "energy conversion using high charge density" was the first successful patent to claim significantly more output than input in a device that could be a practical source of decentralized electrical energy (U.S. Patent 5,018,180). Because charge cluster technology works without the need for magnetic fields or low temperatures, it could well be one of the first new energy devices to be commercialized. Shoulders' basic process may also be valuable for the remediation of nuclear waste. On Tue, Jan 14, 2014 at 12:08 AM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > The case for magnetism as a cause for nuclear reactions. > http://phys.org/news/2011-09-physics.html > > Radioactive decay – a random process right? Well, according to some – > maybe not. For several years now a team of physicists from Purdue and > Stanford have reviewed isotope decay data across a range of different > isotopes and detectors – seeing a non-random pattern and searching for a > reason. And now, after eliminating all other causes – the team are ready to > declare that the cause is... extraterrestrial. > > OK, so it’s suggested to just be the Sun – but cool finding, huh? Well… > maybe it’s best to first put on your skeptical goggles before reading > through anyone’s claim of discovering new physics. > > http://news.stanford.edu/news/2010/august/sun-082310.html > > When researchers found an unusual linkage between solar flares and the > inner life of radioactive elements on Earth, it touched off a scientific > detective investigation that could end up protecting the lives of > space-walking astronauts and maybe rewriting some of the assumptions of > physics. > > On Dec 13, 2006, the sun itself provided a crucial clue, when a solar > flare sent a stream of particles and radiation toward Earth. Purdue nuclear > engineer Jere Jenkins, while measuring the decay rate of manganese-54, a > short-lived isotope used in medical diagnostics, noticed that the rate > dropped slightly during the flare, a decrease that started about a day and > a half before the flare. > > > The Sun is the source for huge explosions of magnetic force. Flares occur > when accelerated charged particles, mainly electrons, interact with the > plasma medium. Scientific research has shown that the phenomenon of > magnetic reconnection is responsible for the acceleration of the charged > particles. On the Sun, magnetic reconnection may happen on solar arcades – > a series of closely occurring loops of magnetic lines of force. These lines > of force quickly reconnect into a low arcade of loops leaving a helix of > magnetic field unconnected to the rest of the arcade. The sudden release of > energy in this reconnection is the origin of the particle acceleration. The > unconnected magnetic helical field and the material that it contains may > violently expand outwards forming a coronal mass ejection. This also > explains why solar flares typically erupt from what are known as the active > regions on the Sun where magnetic fields are much stronger on average. > The appearance of the slowdown of the nuclear decay rate on earth > that occurs at the onset of the solar flare indicate that magnetic > interactions with the nucleus can modify nuclear activity. Magnetic energy > is expended to accelerated charged particles outward from the sun. This > flare activity temporally depletes magnetic force at the surface of the sun > causing a reduction in nuclear decay rates. > > Yes, this is new physics. This solar evidence as well as Photo fusion and > fission through laser radiation as described above is a result of magnetic > effects modifying nuclear stability. > > > > > > On Mon, Jan 13, 2014 at 5:07 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > >> The fixation on neutrons is part of the training imposed on nuclear >> physicists and engineers. But there is another less traveled road to the >> initiation of nuclear reactions that has been under the radar in the >> nuclear community. >> >> >> >> Many years ago, it was shown that high energy lasers could induce >> fission and fusion if the power of the laser pulse was strong enough >> >> >> >> http://physics.aps.org/story/v5/st3 >> >> >> >> Photo induced nuclear reactions begin to occur when the power density of >> the infrared light reached just under 10^^20 W/cm2. >> >> >> >> Since the time of unaided photo nuclear reactions were demonstrated, it >> has been shown that gold nano-particles can amplify and concentrate >> infrared light by 9 orders of magnitudes. >> >> >> >> Now with gold Nano-particles, it is logical to expect nuclear reactions >> will occur when laser light with an intensity of 10^^10 W/cm2 to 10^^12 >> W/cm2 will occur. That is 9 orders of magnitude less than unaided photo >> irradiation. Experiments using gold nano-particles in water suspension >> irradiated by laser light of this reduced level of intensity do in fact >> occur. >> >> >> >> Since then, light amplification by nano-structures has been observed to >> reach a top end of 10 to the 15 power. >> >> >> >> The idea is that if more and more nano-particle infrared photo >> concentration is applied to a system, then less and less infrared photon >> energy will produce a nuclear reaction. >> >> >> >> With additional tweaking of the nano-structure shapes and topology, it is >> not unreasonable to expect that 10 to the 20th power concentration and >> application might be reached. >> >> >> >> That means that it is reasonable to assume that nuclear reactions will >> occur if UNAPMLIFIED infrared light were to interact with properly >> engineered nanostructures. >> >> >> >> Increased infrared photo amplification is what has been done in the >> design of the Ni/H reactor. >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> On Mon, Jan 13, 2014 at 12:09 PM, H Veeder <[email protected]> wrote: >> >>> >>> Low Energy Nuclear Reactions? >>> >>> by A.D. Polosa (Dip. Fisica, Sapienza Universita di Roma), R. Faccini >>> (Dip. Fisica, Sapienza Universita di Roma) >>> >>> Thursday, 16 January 2014 from 16:30 to 17:30 (Europe/Zurich) >>> at CERN ( 503-1-001 - Council Chamber ) >>> >>> Description >>> >>> After an introduction to the controversial problem of Low Energy Nuclear >>> Reactions (LENR) catalyzed by neutrons on metallic hydride surfaces we >>> present the results of an experiment, made in collaboration with ENEA Labs >>> in Frascati, to search neutrons from plasma discharges in electrolytic >>> cells. >>> >>> The negative outcome of our experiment goes in the direction of ruling >>> out those theoretical models expecting LENR to occur in condensed matter >>> systems under specific conditions. >>> >>> Our criticism on the theoretical foundations of such models will also be >>> presented. >>> >>> https://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=294134 >>> >> >> >
