In the Papp engine, that one of the mysteries of that process is that it produces little heat. The energy density in the Mills cell indicates the production of little heat. I think this lack of heat condition is all connected under the nano-particle causation principle.
On Wed, Jan 22, 2014 at 4:16 PM, David Roberson <[email protected]> wrote: > Axil, I realize that there may be some interesting behavior associated > with this material. The exact mechanism responsible for the generation of > water vapor may be difficult to discern. > > When ice sublimes, or water evaporates, a similar process may be taking > place. Heat is extracted from the water remaining during vaporization so > that a net cooling of the remaining water takes place. If I recall, wind > blowing over a wet leaky bag is used for cooling in some locals. Vapor > sprays can be used in a similar fashion. > > The real question is how does the boiled water generated within the nano > particles make its way to the surface of the container without heating much > of the surrounding water. If we find that the distance traveled is tiny, > then there is no big mystery here. On the other hand, if the vapor travels > a significant distance through cool water without depositing heat in that > water, then that should get our attention. > > Dave > > > -----Original Message----- > From: Axil Axil <[email protected]> > To: vortex-l <[email protected]> > Sent: Wed, Jan 22, 2014 4:00 pm > Subject: Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticles make steam without bring water to a boil. > > One characterization of the process that you have not considered is > localization. The water boils around the nanoparticle but the average > temperature of the waterdoes not rise. > > Another enhancement of the effect is the development of Bose-Einstein > condensation. When all the localize nanoparticle hot spots are connected > superfulidically and share the incoming energy, enhance energy > concentration might result. > > Using water as the reaction substrate precludes the development of BEC > formation due to its cooling effect. Using hydrogen does not stop BEC > formation. > > > On Wed, Jan 22, 2014 at 3:44 PM, David Roberson <[email protected]>wrote: > >> Normally, I assume that all of the incoming energy, in this case light >> photons, that is not reflected away ends up heating the water. Anything >> that concentrates the energy into a small region, such as appears to be >> happening with this device, will boil a tiny quantity of water. This is >> not unusual except that the nano particles appear to be able to do a fine >> job of concentrating the energy; better than most techniques. And, some of >> the local energy used to boil the water might be extracted from the >> remaining water resulting in its cooling. Add everything up and you likely >> have no above unity gain. >> >> There is no indication of LENR activity that I am aware of. Perhaps Axil >> has seen some reference to this effect to discuss. At any rate, the total >> energy contained in the boiled water system can not be greater than the >> input energy from the light source unless some mysterious means is present. >> >> I do not see any need to assume LENR is omnipresent in every experiment. >> Some results are simple physics and the one being discussed here most >> likely is just that. Where does anyone suggest that excess heat is being >> generated by this process? You can observe sublimation just by looking at >> the ice being converted directly into vapor. How is that much different? >> >> Dave >> >> >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: Axil Axil <[email protected]> >> To: vortex-l <[email protected]> >> Sent: Wed, Jan 22, 2014 2:25 pm >> Subject: Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticles make steam without bring water to a boil. >> >> In order to understand if over unity power production is occurring, the >> energy content of the incoming solar photons shall be determined and >> compared to the output energy content of the steam produced. >> >> Experimenters must use this procedure or its like to determine the COP >> of solar cells. >> >> >> On Wed, Jan 22, 2014 at 2:09 PM, David Roberson <[email protected]>wrote: >> >>> The total energy contained by the steam must be no greater than the >>> input light energy. This is not magic, just a way to concentrate the >>> incoming light. I am assuming that LENR of some sort is not contributing. >>> >>> Dave >>> >>> >>> >>> -----Original Message----- >>> From: Axil Axil <[email protected]> >>> To: vortex-l <[email protected]> >>> Sent: Wed, Jan 22, 2014 1:33 pm >>> Subject: [Vo]:Nanoparticles make steam without bring water to a boil. >>> >>> >>> http://www.technologyreview.com/news/507821/nanoparticles-make-steam-without-bringing-water-to-a-boil/ >>> Nanoparticles can concentrate the energy of photons on a localized >>> nanometric scale. Here is a application of this ability. >>> Steam is a key ingredient in a wide range of industrial and commercial >>> processes—including electricity generation, water purification, alcohol >>> distillation, and medical equipment sterilization. >>> Generating that steam, however, typically requires vast amounts of >>> energy to heat and eventually boil water or another fluid. Now researchers >>> at Rice University have found a shortcut. Using light-absorbing >>> nanoparticles suspended in water, the group was able to turn the water >>> molecules surrounding the nanoparticles into steam while scarcely raising >>> the temperature of the remaining water. The trick could dramatically reduce >>> the cost of many steam-reliant processes. >>> >>> The Rice team used a Fresnel lens to focus sunlight on a small tube of >>> water containing high concentrations of nanoparticles suspended in the >>> fluid. The water, which had been cooled to near freezing, began generating >>> steam within five to 20 seconds, depending on the type of nanoparticles >>> used. Changes in temperature, pressure, and mass revealed that 82 percent >>> of the sunlight absorbed by the nanoparticles went directly to generating >>> steam while only 18 percent went to heating water. >>> “It’s a new way to make steam without boiling water,” says Naomi Halas, >>> director of the Laboratory for Nanophotonics at Rice University. Halas says >>> that the work “opens up a lot of interesting doors in terms of what you can >>> use steam for.” >>> The new technique could, for instance, lead to inexpensive >>> steam-generation devices for small-scale water purification, sterilization >>> of medical instruments, and sewage treatment in developing countries with >>> limited resources and infrastructure. >>> The use of nanoparticles to increase heat transfer in water and other >>> fluids has been well studied, but few researchers have looked at using the >>> particles to absorb light and generate steam. >>> In the current study, Halas and colleagues used nanoparticles optimized >>> to absorb the widest possible spectrum of sunlight. When light hits the >>> particles, their temperature quickly rises to well above 100 °C, the >>> boiling point of water, causing surrounding water molecules to vaporize. >>> Precisely how the particles and water molecules interact remains >>> somewhat of a mystery. Conventional heat-transfer models suggest that the >>> absorbed sunlight should dissipate into the surrounding fluid before >>> causing any water to boil. “There seems to be some nanoscale thermal >>> barrier, because it’s clearly making steam like crazy,” Halas says. >>> The system devised by Halas and colleagues exhibited an efficiency of 24 >>> percent in converting sunlight to steam. >>> Todd Otanicar, a mechanical engineer at the University of Tulsa who was >>> not involved in the current study, says the findings could have significant >>> implications for large-scale solar thermal energy generation. Solar thermal >>> power stations typically use concentrated sunlight to heat a fluid such as >>> oil, which is then used to heat water to generate steam. Otanicar estimates >>> that by generating steam directly with nanoparticles in water, such a >>> system could see an increased efficiency of 3 to 5 percent and a cost >>> savings of 10 percent because a less complex design could be used. >>> Otanicar cautions that durability—the ability of nanoparticles to >>> repeatedly absorb sunlight and generate steam—still has to be proved, but >>> adds that the 24 percent efficiency achieved in the current study is >>> encouraging. “It’s just the beginning for optimizing this approach,” he >>> says. >>> >> >> >
