This ability of nano particles to make steam with lesser energy input may also make it possible to get false positive result in LENR.
If nano particles is used and laser or maybe some other simulation is used and the steam or evaporation is used for calorimetry. Torulf On Wed, 22 Jan 2014 18:28:22 -0500, Axil Axil wrote: Here is some believe your own eyes type data: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1oPB_iniQ4https [1] At 2:00 Papp disconnect the batteries and the engine still runs. This was demonstrated to the patent office and Papp got the best patent of the year award back in the 70s.. When Mills can do that, Mills will only be 50 years behind Papp. On Wed, Jan 22, 2014 at 6:05 PM, David Roberson wrote: It could be a Papp like process as you suspect Axil. I do not know what is fact or fiction with the Papp engine and much of what Mills is stating. We need good data if we are to make much headway in understand these systems. Dave -----Original Message----- From: Axil Axil To: vortex-l Sent: Wed, Jan 22, 2014 4:27 pm Subject: Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticles make steam without bring water to a boil. In the Papp engine, that one of the mysteries of that process is that it produces little heat. The energy density in the Mills cell indicates the production of little heat. I think this lack of heat condition is all connected under the nano-particle causation principle. On Wed, Jan 22, 2014 at 4:16 PM, David Roberson wrote: Axil, I realize that there may be some interesting behavior associated with this material. The exact mechanism responsible for the generation of water vapor may be difficult to discern. When ice sublimes, or water evaporates, a similar process may be taking place. Heat is extracted from the water remaining during vaporization so that a net cooling of the remaining water takes place. If I recall, wind blowing over a wet leaky bag is used for cooling in some locals. Vapor sprays can be used in a similar fashion. The real question is how does the boiled water generated within the nano particles make its way to the surface of the container without heating much of the surrounding water. If we find that the distance traveled is tiny, then there is no big mystery here. On the other hand, if the vapor travels a significant distance through cool water without depositing heat in that water, then that should get our attention. Dave -----Original Message----- From: Axil Axil To: vortex-l Sent: Wed, Jan 22, 2014 4:00 pm Subject: Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticles make steam without bring water to a boil. One characterization of the process that you have not considered is localization. The water boils around the nanoparticle but the average temperature of the waterdoes not rise. Another enhancement of the effect is the development of Bose-Einstein condensation. When all the localize nanoparticle hot spots are connected superfulidically and share the incoming energy, enhance energy concentration might result. Using water as the reaction substrate precludes the development of BEC formation due to its cooling effect. Using hydrogen does not stop BEC formation. On Wed, Jan 22, 2014 at 3:44 PM, David Roberson wrote: Normally, I assume that all of the incoming energy, in this case light photons, that is not reflected away ends up heating the water. Anything that concentrates the energy into a small region, such as appears to be happening with this device, will boil a tiny quantity of water. This is not unusual except that the nano particles appear to be able to do a fine job of concentrating the energy; better than most techniques. And, some of the local energy used to boil the water might be extracted from the remaining water resulting in its cooling. Add everything up and you likely have no above unity gain. There is no indication of LENR activity that I am aware of. Perhaps Axil has seen some reference to this effect to discuss. At any rate, the total energy contained in the boiled water system can not be greater than the input energy from the light source unless some mysterious means is present. I do not see any need to assume LENR is omnipresent in every experiment. Some results are simple physics and the one being discussed here most likely is just that. Where does anyone suggest that excess heat is being generated by this process? You can observe sublimation just by looking at the ice being converted directly into vapor. How is that much different? Dave -----Original Message----- From: Axil Axil To: vortex-l Sent: Wed, Jan 22, 2014 2:25 pm Subject: Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticles make steam without bring water to a boil. In order to understand if over unity power production is occurring, the energy content of the incoming solar photons shall be determined and compared to the output energy content of the steam produced. Experimenters must use this procedure or its like to determine the COP of solar cells. On Wed, Jan 22, 2014 at 2:09 PM, David Roberson wrote: The total energy contained by the steam must be no greater than the input light energy. This is not magic, just a way to concentrate the incoming light. I am assuming that LENR of some sort is not contributing. Dave -----Original Message----- From: Axil Axil To: vortex-l Sent: Wed, Jan 22, 2014 1:33 pm Subject: [Vo]:Nanoparticles make steam without bring water to a boil. http://www.technologyreview.com/news/507821/nanoparticles-make-steam-without-bringing-water-to-a-boil/ [14] Nanoparticles can concentrate the energy of photons on a localized nanometric scale. Here is a application of this ability. Steam is a key ingredient in a wide range of industrial and commercial processes--including electricity generation, water purification, alcohol distillation, and medical equipment sterilization. Generating that steam, however, typically requires vast amounts of energy to heat and eventually boil water or another fluid. Now researchers at Rice University have found a shortcut. Using light-absorbing nanoparticles suspended in water, the group was able to turn the water molecules surrounding the nanoparticles into steam while scarcely raising the temperature of the remaining water. The trick could dramatically reduce the cost of many steam-reliant processes. The Rice team used a Fresnel lens to focus sunlight on a small tube of water containing high concentrations of nanoparticles suspended in the fluid. The water, which had been cooled to near freezing, began generating steam within five to 20 seconds, depending on the type of nanoparticles used. Changes in temperature, pressure, and mass revealed that 82 percent of the sunlight absorbed by the nanoparticles went directly to generating steam while only 18 percent went to heating water. "It's a new way to make steam without boiling water," says Naomi Halas, director of the Laboratory for Nanophotonics at Rice University. Halas says that the work "opens up a lot of interesting doors in terms of what you can use steam for." The new technique could, for instance, lead to inexpensive steam-generation devices for small-scale water purification, sterilization of medical instruments, and sewage treatment in developing countries with limited resources and infrastructure. The use of nanoparticles to increase heat transfer in water and other fluids has been well studied, but few researchers have looked at using the particles to absorb light and generate steam. In the current study, Halas and colleagues used nanoparticles optimized to absorb the widest possible spectrum of sunlight. When light hits the particles, their temperature quickly rises to well above 100 °C, the boiling point of water, causing surrounding water molecules to vaporize. Precisely how the particles and water molecules interact remains somewhat of a mystery. Conventional heat-transfer models suggest that the absorbed sunlight should dissipate into the surrounding fluid before causing any water to boil. "There seems to be some nanoscale thermal barrier, because it's clearly making steam like crazy," Halas says. The system devised by Halas and colleagues exhibited an efficiency of 24 percent in converting sunlight to steam. Todd Otanicar, a mechanical engineer at the University of Tulsa who was not involved in the current study, says the findings could have significant implications for large-scale solar thermal energy generation. Solar thermal power stations typically use concentrated sunlight to heat a fluid such as oil, which is then used to heat water to generate steam. Otanicar estimates that by generating steam directly with nanoparticles in water, such a system could see an increased efficiency of 3 to 5 percent and a cost savings of 10 percent because a less complex design could be used. Otanicar cautions that durability--the ability of nanoparticles to repeatedly absorb sunlight and generate steam--still has to be proved, but adds that the 24 percent efficiency achieved in the current study is encouraging. "It's just the beginning for optimizing this approach," he says. Links: ------ [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1oPB_iniQ4https [2] mailto:[email protected] [3] mailto:[email protected] [4] mailto:[email protected] [5] mailto:[email protected] [6] mailto:[email protected] [7] mailto:[email protected] [8] mailto:[email protected] [9] mailto:[email protected] [10] mailto:[email protected] [11] mailto:[email protected] [12] mailto:[email protected] [13] mailto:[email protected] [14] http://www.technologyreview.com/news/507821/nanoparticles-make-steam-without-bringing-water-to-a-boil/
