Don't you remember this item? Castleman and his team -- which includes *Samuel Peppernick*, a former Penn State graduate student who now is a postdoctoral researcher at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and *Dasitha Gunaratne*, a Penn State graduate student -- used a technique, called photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, to examine similarities between titanium monoxide and nickel, zirconium monoxide and palladium, and tungsten carbide and platinum. "Photoelectron spectroscopy measures the energy it takes to remove electrons from various electronic states of atoms or molecules, while simultaneously capturing snapshots of these electron-detachment events with a digital camera," said Castleman. "The method allows us to determine the binding energies of the electrons and also to observe directly the nature of the orbitals in which the electrons resided before they were detached. We found that the amount of energy required to remove electrons from a titanium-monoxide molecule is the same as the amount of energy required to remove electrons from a nickel atom. The same is true for the systems zirconium monoxide and palladium and tungsten carbide and platinum. The key is that all of the pairs are composed of isoelectronic species, which are atoms with the same electron configuration." Castleman noted that, in this case, the term isoelectronic refers to the number of electrons present in the outer shell of an atom or molecule.
This means that titanium monoxide can replace nickel in LENR, zirconium monoxide and palladium etc. On Mon, Mar 3, 2014 at 10:12 PM, Joe Hughes <[email protected]> wrote: > Additionally I believe the main use of palladium is in the manufacturing > of catalytic converters which would become obsolete in a LENR powered > world. Not sure if the person writing this article took that into account > prior to recommending investing in palladium or not. > > Regards, > Joe > > [email protected] wrote: > > >In reply to Kevin O'Malley's message of Sun, 2 Mar 2014 22:18:56 -0800: > >Hi, > >[snip] > >>Nickel/Palladium Nickel and Palladium come to mind when thinking of long > >>term cold fusion investments. Unfortunately, nickel is the most abundant > >>material in the earths crust, a change in the demand of nickel would not > >>affect the price drastically. > > > >This is completely wrong. > > > >Crustal elemental abundances are (according to the figures I have): > > > >Oxygen 466000 ppm > >Silicon 267700 ppm > >Aluminium 84100 ppm > >Iron 70700 ppm > >Calcium 52900 ppm > >. > >. > >. > >Nickel 105 ppm > > > >I suspect that this article is confusing the planetary abundance with the > >crustal abundance. The former includes the Ni/Fe core of the planet, > however > >this is not accessible. > > > >Regards, > > > >Robin van Spaandonk > > > >http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html > > >
