The following is a compilation and revision of several tentative concepts introduced last week which present an unusual explanation for the Rossi effect -- as being a Higgs-mediated nucleon exchange reaction.
Without accepting Kullander's findings from 2013 as accurate, this
hypothesis would appear to be completely bizarre and not worth repeating
(except for those surprising details). That is the key. But if his finding
is close to accurate, as strange as it may sound, the Rossi effect may be
the first known instance of the Higgs particle showing up as a useful
construct in a real-world reaction. "Strange is as strange does" and we
could be talking about a strange proton being a catalyst, or else a Higgs
shadow from another dimension.
To backtrack, the details which led to this hypothesis are:
Ny Teknik: What results have you obtained from the analyses?
Kullander: ... the used powder is different in that several elements are
present, mainly 10 percent copper and 11 percent iron. The isotopic analysis
through ICP-MS doesn't show any deviation from the natural isotopic
composition of nickel and copper. [the starting powder was only nickel]
When this information came out, it was largely ignored as being incompatible
with any known nuclear reaction. The most obvious problem is that nickel has
5 isotopes and copper only 2. If the ratio stays the same in both, in the
initial reactant compared to the nuclear ash, then we are presented with the
predicament that each nickel isotope would be consumed in the same
proportion, and yet these 5 are converted into the two main copper isotopes,
which also stay in the same natural ratio.
On the surface, that cannot happen, since over 2/3 of natural Ni is Ni-58
and 2/3 of copper is Cu-63. This would mean that in most cases involving
fusion of hydrogen and nickel - 5 protons must be fused into each nickel
atom at the same time and then 4 of them must undergo EC or positron decay
at the exact same time to form the required extra neutrons... and so on.
This is too improbable to even consider.
Yet on closer examination, it is remotely possible to make a case for the
nickel nucleons (balancing out) in a previously unknown kind of reaction
where the ratio of the main two isotopes of copper and nickel are in a
similar natural proportion. As for the balance of other isotopes (and due to
the complexity of the situation) the other isotopes are not being considered
for now, pending confirmation of the exact ratios in the upcoming TIP report
(and the vetting on this particular hypothesis).
Given that Kullander did not note that the iron was in a natural ratio, we
can assume that he has left open the door for a proton and two Ni-58 nuclei
to participate in a novel nucleon exchange reaction, which could give
results which at least make a putative case for retention of a natural ratio
in the main isotopes. This would assume that almost all of the iron found
was Fe-54. The magic number of nucleons in the exchange then becomes 117.
Two Ni-58 plus a "proton" is 117 nucleons; and one Cu-63 plus one Fe-54 is
the same. The further implication is that some kind of shuffle of nucleons
is possible - where the most import parameter is the net number of nucleons.
The normal proton typically would not benefit this nucleon exchange reaction
but it could be strange, in many ways, including "uus."
A nucleon exchange reaction? Well, this not unheard of, and the
Oppenheimer-Phillips reaction is the simple version. It takes a lot of
imagination to go any further than that, but there is a growing list of
"strange" repercussions to a Higgs particle at 126 GeV. Wen-Lin at
University of Washington has an interesting presentation: "Beyond the
Standard Model ...." which includes the "strange proton" and strangeness in
the Lattice. But most of these speculations involve large energy collisions
and a "tale of two scales."
http://web.mit.edu/panic11/talks/monday/PARALLEL-1G/4-1430/lin/337-0-hwlin_p
anic11-v1s-c.pdf
The Rossi effect, if Kullander is correct, could be described as the low
energy version of LHC ! Whether or not a strange proton is needed as a
catalyst is another issue, but there are alluring factors to make this
hypothesis somewhat presentable even at this early stage. After all, the
Higgs "particle" is more of an energy-sink than a real particle, based on
the way it was discovered and documented. The Higgs has the features of a
quanta of energy which is absorbed in an adjoining dimension as a
stabilizing mechanism or energy sink. In that role, perhaps a low energy
version is indeed available.
The putative mass energy of the Higgs is 126 GeV which is larger than 117
nucleons, but possibly within a working range of resonance. The further
hypothesis for why this happens in the Rossi effect is that the Higgs quanta
is mirrored into 3-space by a mechanism related to the very high nuclear
stability of nickel, and that it forms a kind of ghostly shadow on the
reactants, resulting in nucleon exchange. Nucleon exchange has been
documented at relatively "low energy" in the collision of α-particles with
lithium, but this was still in the few MeV range (instead of the 100 MeV
range) but it seems that the nucleon exchange field is new enough that no
one has ever considered nickel as a target, due to it extremely nuclear
stability.
Perhaps nuclear stability actually promotes nucleon exchange? You never know
till you try.
Speaking of the strange proton as a possible catalyst, it turns out that we
were exposed to that possibility years ago by Horace Heffner in his
deflation fusion model. That mention was prescient, but possibly a bit ahead
of its time, since no one knows what this particle does. A strange proton
(u,u,s) has two up quarks and a strange quark. A substitution of a strange
quark for the down quark has a mass of 1189 MeV and sometimes called a Σ+
particle. It could find a home in LENR in a number of guises.
In the end, all of this wild hypothesis will await more detailed information
from isotopic analysis, but there is an allure to the possibility that the
Rossi reaction begins with a proton going "strange" or "rogue" :-) and then
becoming a catalyst for a nucleon exchange reaction as it performs the
unthinkable - bringing two Ni-58 atoms together. The Higgs can serve two
roles, even if it never leaves reciprocal space.
"Beauty is as beauty does" morphing into "strange is as strange does" ...
meaning that there is a certain amount of beauty in finding that not only
was Kullander's oft-maligned finding correct, but that the impossible
isotope ration offers a hidden clue which could open up our understanding of
the entire field.
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