Natural isotopic ratio might mean that LENR is using the same processes that formed all matter in the universe in the first place.
To be specific, quark plasma will always condense into elements with the same isotopic structure as the same elements found elsewhere in the universe.. On Sun, Jun 22, 2014 at 11:53 AM, Jones Beene <[email protected]> wrote: > The following is a compilation and revision of several tentative concepts > introduced last week which present an unusual explanation for the Rossi > effect -- as being a Higgs-mediated nucleon exchange reaction. > > Without accepting Kullander's findings from 2013 as accurate, this > hypothesis would appear to be completely bizarre and not worth repeating > (except for those surprising details). That is the key. But if his finding > is close to accurate, as strange as it may sound, the Rossi effect may be > the first known instance of the Higgs particle showing up as a useful > construct in a real-world reaction. "Strange is as strange does" and we > could be talking about a strange proton being a catalyst, or else a Higgs > shadow from another dimension. > > To backtrack, the details which led to this hypothesis are: > > Ny Teknik: What results have you obtained from the analyses? > > Kullander: ... the used powder is different in that several elements are > present, mainly 10 percent copper and 11 percent iron. The isotopic > analysis > through ICP-MS doesn't show any deviation from the natural isotopic > composition of nickel and copper. [the starting powder was only nickel] > > When this information came out, it was largely ignored as being > incompatible > with any known nuclear reaction. The most obvious problem is that nickel > has > 5 isotopes and copper only 2. If the ratio stays the same in both, in the > initial reactant compared to the nuclear ash, then we are presented with > the > predicament that each nickel isotope would be consumed in the same > proportion, and yet these 5 are converted into the two main copper > isotopes, > which also stay in the same natural ratio. > > On the surface, that cannot happen, since over 2/3 of natural Ni is Ni-58 > and 2/3 of copper is Cu-63. This would mean that in most cases involving > fusion of hydrogen and nickel - 5 protons must be fused into each nickel > atom at the same time and then 4 of them must undergo EC or positron decay > at the exact same time to form the required extra neutrons... and so on. > This is too improbable to even consider. > > Yet on closer examination, it is remotely possible to make a case for the > nickel nucleons (balancing out) in a previously unknown kind of reaction > where the ratio of the main two isotopes of copper and nickel are in a > similar natural proportion. As for the balance of other isotopes (and due > to > the complexity of the situation) the other isotopes are not being > considered > for now, pending confirmation of the exact ratios in the upcoming TIP > report > (and the vetting on this particular hypothesis). > > Given that Kullander did not note that the iron was in a natural ratio, we > can assume that he has left open the door for a proton and two Ni-58 nuclei > to participate in a novel nucleon exchange reaction, which could give > results which at least make a putative case for retention of a natural > ratio > in the main isotopes. This would assume that almost all of the iron found > was Fe-54. The magic number of nucleons in the exchange then becomes 117. > > Two Ni-58 plus a "proton" is 117 nucleons; and one Cu-63 plus one Fe-54 is > the same. The further implication is that some kind of shuffle of nucleons > is possible - where the most import parameter is the net number of > nucleons. > The normal proton typically would not benefit this nucleon exchange > reaction > but it could be strange, in many ways, including "uus." > > A nucleon exchange reaction? Well, this not unheard of, and the > Oppenheimer-Phillips reaction is the simple version. It takes a lot of > imagination to go any further than that, but there is a growing list of > "strange" repercussions to a Higgs particle at 126 GeV. Wen-Lin at > University of Washington has an interesting presentation: "Beyond the > Standard Model ...." which includes the "strange proton" and strangeness in > the Lattice. But most of these speculations involve large energy collisions > and a "tale of two scales." > > http://web.mit.edu/panic11/talks/monday/PARALLEL-1G/4-1430/lin/337-0-hwlin_p > anic11-v1s-c.pdf > > The Rossi effect, if Kullander is correct, could be described as the low > energy version of LHC ! Whether or not a strange proton is needed as a > catalyst is another issue, but there are alluring factors to make this > hypothesis somewhat presentable even at this early stage. After all, the > Higgs "particle" is more of an energy-sink than a real particle, based on > the way it was discovered and documented. The Higgs has the features of a > quanta of energy which is absorbed in an adjoining dimension as a > stabilizing mechanism or energy sink. In that role, perhaps a low energy > version is indeed available. > > The putative mass energy of the Higgs is 126 GeV which is larger than 117 > nucleons, but possibly within a working range of resonance. The further > hypothesis for why this happens in the Rossi effect is that the Higgs > quanta > is mirrored into 3-space by a mechanism related to the very high nuclear > stability of nickel, and that it forms a kind of ghostly shadow on the > reactants, resulting in nucleon exchange. Nucleon exchange has been > documented at relatively "low energy" in the collision of α-particles with > lithium, but this was still in the few MeV range (instead of the 100 MeV > range) but it seems that the nucleon exchange field is new enough that no > one has ever considered nickel as a target, due to it extremely nuclear > stability. > > Perhaps nuclear stability actually promotes nucleon exchange? You never > know > till you try. > > Speaking of the strange proton as a possible catalyst, it turns out that we > were exposed to that possibility years ago by Horace Heffner in his > deflation fusion model. That mention was prescient, but possibly a bit > ahead > of its time, since no one knows what this particle does. A strange proton > (u,u,s) has two up quarks and a strange quark. A substitution of a strange > quark for the down quark has a mass of 1189 MeV and sometimes called a Σ+ > particle. It could find a home in LENR in a number of guises. > > In the end, all of this wild hypothesis will await more detailed > information > from isotopic analysis, but there is an allure to the possibility that the > Rossi reaction begins with a proton going "strange" or "rogue" :-) and then > becoming a catalyst for a nucleon exchange reaction as it performs the > unthinkable - bringing two Ni-58 atoms together. The Higgs can serve two > roles, even if it never leaves reciprocal space. > > "Beauty is as beauty does" morphing into "strange is as strange does" ... > meaning that there is a certain amount of beauty in finding that not only > was Kullander's oft-maligned finding correct, but that the impossible > isotope ration offers a hidden clue which could open up our understanding > of > the entire field. > > > > > > >
