Tom - I'm at a loss at this point as to why you're not working (or failing)
consistently.
I did a setup of rsync over ssh on a clean pi and here are the steps.
Worked first time for me :-)
(this example uses weewx v5.0b15 as user 'pi')
# reimaged a raspberry pi
# installed rsyslog to get traditional syslogging rather than systemd
sudo apt-get install -y rsyslog
# logged into the pi as unprivileged user pi (for this example)
# installed weewx with the simulator driver
# created a new ssh keypair for the user pi
# taking the defaults to make a passwordless keypair
# which will be ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-keygen
# added this key to the appropriate user@host for my server host
ssh-copy-id vince@nuc2
# verified I could log into the remote server
ssh vince@nuc2
# at this point ssh is known to work using the new ssh key....
# edited weewx.conf to set debug=1 for more verbose logging
# edited weewx.conf to configure the RSYNC uploader
# so this will upload the default public_html to the specified path
[[RSYNC]]
skin = Rsync
enable = true
server = nuc2
user = vince
path = /home/vince/weehtml
log_success = true
log_failure = true
delete = 0
# restarted weewx, waited 5 minutes, I see the successful rsync of the
Seasons skin in syslog
2023-10-29T19:00:20.236994-07:00 raspberrypi weewx[2416] DEBUG
weeutil.rsyncupload: rsyncupload: cmd: [['rsync', '--archive', '--stats',
'-e', 'ssh', '/home/pi/weewx-data/public_html/',
'vince@nuc2:/home/vince/weehtml']]
2023-10-29T19:00:20.680310-07:00 raspberrypi weewx[2416] INFO
weeutil.rsyncupload: rsync'd 73 files (526,454 bytes) in 0.44 seconds
# Notes:
# - no /home/pi/.ssh/config file was needed on a pi as long as the
specified 'server' resolves
# because ssh on the pi defaults to using ~/.ssh/id_rsa as the
private key
# - weewx assumes the local user is the one it is running as
# - weewx uses the RSYNC 'user' as the remote user it connects to
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